空天飞机的真实气体效应

本文首先以美国阿波罗飞船和航天飞机气动特性的飞行试验结果与风洞试验结果存在差别为例，说明研究真实气体效应对发展高超声速飞行器的重要性。在分析平衡流和非平衡流中激波特性的基础上，根据典型的空天飞机上升段轨道，分析了空天飞机激波后的平衡组元分布和松弛距离。进而，讨论了真实气体效应对空天飞机气动特性的影响，其中介绍了近代研究真实气体效应的计算流体力学方法和试验技术，重点介绍了Ｐａｒｋ提出的确定化学反应速率系数的双温度模型。最后，对今后空天飞机真实气体效应的研究工作提出了建议。     

正态分布环境因子的置信估计

给由两个正态随机变量之商定义的环境因子的一种简单有效的置信估计方法。     

Effects of Shot Peening Process on Thermal Cycling Lifetime of TBCs Prepared by EB-PVD

Conventional two-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are prepared by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) with ZrO2-8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) as top coat and CoCrAlY as bond coat on disk-shaped Ni based super-alloy. In this paper, three kinds of shot peening process with different lengths of operating time were adopted for bond coating. As a result, changes took place in its sur- face roughness and the surface micro-hardness. A thermal cycling test at 1 273 K×55 min and another at room temperature for 5 min were performed to study the effects of shot peening process on the thermal cycling lifetime of TBCs. It is found that a moderate shot peening process will be able to prolong the life time. The oxidation dynamic of the as-processed TBCs basically accords with the para- bolic rule, and the oxidation test also attests to the spallation between YSZ and thermal growth oxide (TGO) responsible mainly for the failure of TBCs.     

Magnetic and Optical Properties of the TiO2-Co-TiO2 Composite Films Grown by Magnetron Sputtering

The TiO2-Co-TiO2 sandwich films were successfully grown on glass and silicon substrata making alternate use of radio frequency reactive magnetron sputtering and direct current magnetron sputtering. The structures and properties of these films were identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS). It is shown that the sandwich film consists of two anatase TiO2 films with an embedded Co nano-film. The fact that, when the Co nano-film thickens, varied red shifts appear in optical absorption spectra may well be explained by the quantum confinement and tunnel effects. As for magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization, remnant magnetic induction and coercivity vary with the thickness of the Co nano-films. Moreover, the Co nano-film has a critical thickness of about 8.6 nm, which makes the coercivity of the composite film reach the maximum of about 1413 Oe.     

Development of Space Environment Research and Service in China

During the past two years, space environment has achieved great development in space environment monitoring, model research, system developing and space environment service in China. In this paper, we mainly introduce space environment safety support for Shenzhou-7 manned spacecraft, two typical space environment operation platforms, and the advance of Re-locatable Atmospheric Observatory (RAO). At the last part of this paper, the Sub-committee on Space Environment(SSE) which was set up in 2009 under the Technical Committee on Space Technology and Operation of Standardization Administration of China is briefly introduced.      

高超声速热化学非平衡空间格式的扩展与改进

扩展、改进和分析了ROE,MAPS,LDFSS,HLLC,HCUSP和ECUSP6种高分辨率空间格式于热化学非平衡流的计算中.采用5组分17反应的Dunn-Kang化学反应模型和Park的双温模型计算了三维球头算例,得到如下结论:ROE和MAPS格式精度高于LDFSS,HLLC和CUSP类格式;基于ROE平均的界面音速可提高格式的鲁棒性及斜激波捕捉能力,同时对流场参量的计算无影响;ROE平均音速的引用改进了MAPS和ECUSP格式.为热化学非平衡流场计算格式的选择提供了参考.     

卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的关键技术

研究了空间环境对光纤陀螺各项指标的影响,设计了一种新颖的卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合.针对空间辐射、温度循环和真空环境对光纤陀螺的影响进行了模拟实验,通过分析实验数据得到了空间环境对光纤陀螺主要参数的影响机理.利用最小二乘滤波的方法建立了偏置误差模型,利用查表法建立了标度因数误差模型,并用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实时进行零偏和标度因数补偿,补偿后陀螺输出零偏稳定性为0.1(°)/h.同时详细分析了陀螺在空间低角速度环境下产生死区的原因,并利用周期相位扰动调制的方法消除了死区.在卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的设计中,实现了光源复用和冗余、空间主动和被动防护措施、在轨故障诊断等技术.      

一种磁悬浮飞轮增益预调交叉反馈控制方法

磁悬浮飞轮转子在高转速下表现出的陀螺效应是影响系统稳定性的主要因素.为了提高磁悬浮飞轮的失稳转速,针对陀螺效应引起的系统章动失稳和进动失稳,提出了一种基于转速的增益预调交叉反馈控制方法,针对不同的转速段,建立在线控制相对应的交叉反馈通道增益和带宽参数表,对进动模态和章动模态分别实现交叉相位补偿.采用该控制方法用经典控制理论中的根轨迹法对系统的章动稳定性进行了仿真并对控制参数进行了优化.仿真和实验结果表明,采用这种基于转速的增益预调交叉反馈的控制算法,能够有效地抑制磁悬浮飞轮转子陀螺效应所导致的章动失稳,所设计的磁悬浮飞轮原理样机能够稳定运行在其额定转速30000r/min.      

双翼箱式航天器太阳光压干扰力矩模型

在设计航天器姿控系统时,需要充分考虑各种光照条件下航天器所受到的太阳光压干扰力矩。本文针对双翼太阳帆板、面板式天线阵、箱式主体构型航天器,采用几何方法,详细讨论了航天器各表面的受晒情况,推导了不同太阳光入射条件下航天器各面所受到的太阳光压力矩数学模型。为验证模型有效性,将其应用于某三轴稳定对地定向卫星姿态动力学仿真中,得到了相应的太阳光压干扰力矩曲线。     

国防原子时测试系统的设计与实现

随着现代武器系统的日趋高速化、自动化和智能化,时间频率在高技术战争中的地位越来越突出,国防原子时系统的运行研究,将对我国独立自主的时间标准系统的建立提供有利的技术支持。本文较详尽地阐述了国防原子时测试系统的组成,并介绍了系统中比对测试软件、环境监测系统的设计以及相关数据库的搭建。