气象卫星可靠性预测探讨

随着航天事业的迅速发展,航天产品的质量可靠性要求越来越高。航天产品的可靠性预测是一项既重要又复杂的工作。设计方案一旦确定,首先应进行可靠性预测。因此卫星研制中的可靠性预测是方案阶段的一个不可忽视的重要环节。本文以风云一号气象卫星为例,就整星中电子产品可靠性预测进行探讨。     

腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展与寿命估算

将有效的疲劳裂纹扩展速率表达式应用于腐蚀疲劳,对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命估算进行了初步探讨。结果表明:腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)_(CF)与(△K-△K_(thCF))在双对数坐标上呈线性关系。首次提出临界加载频率概念,频率高于临界加载频率,频率对裂纹扩展没有影响;频率低于临界加载频率,提出了表示频率对裂纹扩展速率影响的频率效应函数。经客观的验证,用文中提出的公式估算的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展寿命和实验寿命吻合良好。     

双参数名义应力法

常规名义应力法在考虑平均应力对疲劳损伤的影响时。利用等寿命曲线将载荷等效为对称循环载荷。将双参数问题简化成单参数问题,从而造成误差。本文利用S_a-S_m-N曲面方程,提出双参数名义应力法,计算疲劳损伤时,不再进行载荷均值的转化。实验验证得到:双参数名义应力法可提高疲劳寿命估算的精确度。     

典型复合材料结构固化变形仿真预测与控制验证

针对典型复合材料结构固化成型过程中变形难以控制的问题,本文对典型复合材料结构的固化变形进行仿真预测,从固化工艺和模具补偿两方面对固化变形加以控制和验证。固化工艺方面以各设计点变形数据为基础确定了最优固化工艺曲线,模具补偿方面提出了一种构件有限元模型自适应调整的方法,综合考虑固化工艺参数与模具型面补偿采用了一种基于全局补偿量的协同控制方法。结果表明,通过仿真模拟L形构件的固化变形误差为12.4%,借助响应面优化算法得到的L形构件最优固化工艺曲线其固化变形预测值与各试验设计点最大变形的最小值偏差不超过3.3%;T形加筋壁板有限元模型经自适应调整后,对于下表面与目标型面之间的偏差距离,数值模拟值与试验测量值的最大相对误差为17.20%。通过全局补偿量的协同控制方法对半筒形壁板的模具进行补偿,其固化变形最大值相比于传统单一模具型面补偿控制方法降低了接近90%。     

基于模糊预测的飞机故障预测系统研究

使用Delphi语言开发了一个飞机故障模糊预测系统,建立了飞机故障模糊预测模型。介绍了系统的总体结构和各模块功能,阐述了飞机故障预测系统知识库的推理过程。     

星载复杂组件随机振动试验载荷设计方法改进

针对现有的复杂组件随机振动试验载荷设计方法在某些加载方向常给出远大于实际数值的载荷预示,而难以满足组件研制单位的载荷裁剪需求的问题,文章提出了一种改进的载荷设计方法,将随机激励功率谱密度描述为关于组件质量的系数含待定参数的分式函数,并利用总均方根加速度实测值确定待定参数。对比了改进方法与两种现有方法对典型组件随机振动载荷的预示精度。结果表明,改进方法可以显著降低预示误差,从而为星载复杂组件结构与机构优化设计提供合理的约束条件。     

基于互信息的输入变量选择算法综述

空间环境是空间态势感知的重要组成部分,在空间科学领域,受限于对日地系统物理规律的全面认知,现有的基于物理机制的空间环境预测模型目前还难以实用化,通常采用的多是基于数据的经验类模型。基于互信息的输入变量选择算法为空间环境要素预测模型的输入确定了思路。由于能充分考虑不同输入、输入与输出之间的潜在关系,基于互信息的输入变量选择算法近年来在回归及分类问题上得到了广泛的应用和发展。本文以输入变量选择算法的3个关键环节,即评价标准、搜索策略和停止准则为线索,从不同角度对基于互信息的过滤式变量选择算法进行了系统的分析与梳理,重点对不同变量评价标准依赖的假设条件进行了数学上的推导和说明。最后总结了其发展规律,可为后续研究尤其是建立空间环境预测模型提供借鉴。     

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.