Improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered surfaces

Because space-borne radiometers do not measure the Earth’s outgoing fluxes directly, angular distribution models (ADMs) are required to relate actual radiance measurement to flux at given solar angle, satellite-viewing geometries, surface, and atmospheric conditions. The conversion of one footprint broad-band radiance into the corresponding flux requires therefore one to first characterize each footprint in terms of surface type and cloud cover properties to properly select the adequate ADM.

A snow (and sea-ice) retrieval technique based on spectral measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board Meteosat 8 is presented. It has been developed to improve the scene identification and thus the ADM selection in the near-real time processing of the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data at the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The improvement in the GERB short wave flux estimations over snow covered scene types resulting from angular conversion using dedicated snow ADMs (e.g., empirical snow ADMs and/or pre-computed theoretical snow ADM) instead of empirical snow-free ADMs is discussed.     

Efficient computation of energy release rates for delaminated beam structures

The often encountered problem of mode partitioning for delaminated, isotropic beam structures is addressed. For the sake of efficiency, solutions that do not require complex continuum solutions – in practise mostly obtained by the finite element method – are examined. Three approaches that meet the postulated efficiency are reviewed and compared. While one method fits consistently into the concept of linear-elastic fracture mechanics, the remaining two deduce mode partitioning hypotheses solely from kinematic quantities of beam theory. The results obtained through these hypotheses are then compared to continuum-based solutions. The latter are generated by the finite element method and are validated by analytical solutions as applicable. Furthermore, mode partitioning solutions for beams, loaded in transverse shear, are given with excellent accuracy. Finally, the conditions for which the different methods comply with or substantially deviate from each other are discussed.     

FCDU测试系统中SGU模块的研制

阐明了FCDU中扫描信号的加入原理,讨论了利用单片机和数模转换板的相互配合来实现模数2路信号同步发送的硬件、软件实现方法,最后给出研制结果。     

基于飞行参数的双发飞机发动机疲劳损伤差异分析

为给飞机发动机单机寿命监控提供依据,对两个用户的同型飞机发动机进行疲劳寿命分析。应用雨流计数法统计分析两个用户飞行参数,获得发动机使用载荷谱。应用线性累积损伤理论计算出关键件的疲劳损伤,将其与标准循环疲劳损伤比较,得到发动机飞行换算率。将同侧发动机的飞行换算率、同一飞机左右发的飞行换算率以及两个用户之间的发动机飞行换算率进行比较。计算表明:同一用户同侧发动机飞行换算率之间和两个用户之间的飞行换算率差异较大,同一飞机左右发飞行换算率之间存在一定差异,部分飞机左右发相差较大;两个用户总体的发动机飞行换算率和各个用户内部的发动机飞行换算率均服从对数正态分布;发动机在实际使用中的高低压转子飞行换算率均服从对数正态分布。     

单级感应线圈炮能量转换效率研究

在单级感应线圈炮的发射过程中,随着电容器组放电电压、电容量以及电枢初始位置的变化,弹丸出口速度和系统能量转换效率也将随之发生变化.为获得其中的规律,建立了单级感应线圈炮的数学模型,仿真分析了电容器组放电电压、电容量以及电枢初始位置对弹丸出口速度及系统能量转换效率的影响.分析结果表明,随着放电电压增加弹丸出口速度几乎呈直...     

财务会计中的"能量守恒和转化定律"

会计对象是资金运动,而资金运动的实质是各种生产要素在企业内按一定的工艺过程在"劳动"的作用下形成产成品,最终通过市场进行交易又回到运动的起点的过程.劳动是一个自然的、社会的和劳动者本身相结合的做功过程,因此产品的形成过程,就是一个能量转化的过程.产品本身是过去劳动和现在劳动所做功的能量的凝结,交换过程是过去能量的释放,同时又从主体之外吸收能量的过程.财务会计在此过程中的作用是以其特有的方法,运用货币计量手段,按"能量守恒和转化定律"的观念,对企业内能量的转化过程进行连续的确认、计量、记录和报告.     

交直流转换电路的电路参数误差分析

为了达到更好的交直流转换效果,针对整流输出准确度影响较大的三种元器件(运算放大器、电阻以及二极管),分别进行电路误差分析,将输出结果与理想状态下全波精密整流电路的输出进行比较,总结精密整流电路减小误差的方法,为全波整流电路设计中提高交直流转换准确度提供参考.经电路测试验证,对电压有效值(0.4～4)V,频率(1～50)...     

Coordinated adaptive beamformer over distributed antenna network

The spatial diversity of distributed network demands the individual filter to accommodate the topology of interference environment. In this paper, a type of distributed adaptive beamformer is proposed to mitigate interference over coordinated antenna arrays network. The proposed approach is formulated as generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) structure to facilitate the convex combination of neighboring nodes’ weights, and then it is solved by unconstrained least mean square (LMS) algorithm due to simplicity. Numerical results show that the robustness and convergence rate of antenna arrays network can be significantly improved in strong interference scenario. And they also clearly illustrate that mixing vector is optimized adaptively and adjusted according to the spatial diversity of the distributed nodes which are placed in different power of received signals to interference ratio (SIR) environments.     

Heat storage and electricity generation in the Moon during the lunar night

One of the biggest challenges of the exploration of the Moon is the survival of the crew and the lunar assets during the lunar night. The environmental conditions on the lunar surface and its cycle, with long periods of darkness, make any long mission in need of specific amounts of heat and electricity to be successful. We have analyzed two different systems to produce heat and electricity on the Moon's surface. The first system consists of Thermal Wadis, sources of thermal power that can be used to supply heat to protect the exploration systems from the extreme cold during periods of darkness. Previous results showed that Wadis can supply enough heat to keep lunar devices such as rovers above their minimum operating temperature (approximately 243 K). The second system studied here is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is able to run a heat engine during the lunar night to produce electricity. When the Sun is shining on the Moon's surface, the system can run the engine directly using the solar power and simultaneously heat a thermal mass. This thermal mass is used as a high temperature source to run the heat engine during the night. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the determination of an appropriate thermal mass for the TES system.     

海洋波浪能量采集技术研究进展与展望

叙述了海洋波浪能量特点及海洋波浪能量采集的重要意义。介绍了几种典型波浪能量采集系统的结构形式、特点和应用情况。重点阐述了作者提出的一种蛇形直接式波浪能量采集装置的结构及特点,并以此为例,分析了海洋波浪能量采集装置设计中的一些难点和关键问题,包括波浪建模、结构参数选择、优化、适应波浪变化的自动调节等。最后,结合当前研究和工程应用中的问题,对波浪能量采集技术的发展趋势进行了展望。