State of art on energy management strategy for hybrid-powered unmanned aerial vehicle

New energy sources such as solar energy and hydrogen energy have been applied to the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV), which could be formed as the hybrid power sources due to the requirement of miniaturization, lightweight, and environmental protection issue for UAV. Hybrid electrical propulsion technology has been used in UAV and it further enforces this trend for the evolution to the Hybrid-Powered System(HPS). In order to realize long endurance flight mission and improve the energy efficiency of UAV, many researching works are focused on the Energy Management Strategy(EMS) of the HPS with digital simulation, ground demonstration platforms and a few flight tests for the UAV in recent years. energy management strategy, in which off-line or on-line control algorithms acted as the core part, could optimize dynamic electrical power distribution further and directly affect the efficiency and fuel economy of hybrid-powered system onboard.In order to give the guideline for this emerging technology for UAV, this paper presents a review of the topic highlighting energy optimal management strategies of UAV. The characteristics of typical new energy sources applied in UAV are summarized firstly, and then the classification and analysis of the architecture for hybrid power systems in UAV are presented. In the context of new energy sources and configuration of energy system, a comprehensive comparison and analysis for the state of art of EMS are presented, and the various levels of complexity and accuracy of EMS are considered in terms of real time, computational burden and optimization performance based on the optimal control and operational modes of UAV. Finally, the tendency and challenges of energy management strategy applied to the UAV have been forecasted.     

A new error-controllable method for smoothing the G01 commands

In real machining, the tool paths are composed of a series of short line segments, which constitute groups of sharp corners correspondingly leading to geometry discontinuity in tangent. As a result, high acceleration with high fluctuation usually occurs. If these kinds of tool paths are directly used for machining, the feedrate and quality will be greatly reduced. Thus, generating continuous tool paths is strongly desired. This paper presents a new error-controllable method for generating continuous tool path. Different from the traditional method focusing on fitting the cutter locations, the proposed method realizes globally smoothing the tool path in an error-controllable way. Concretely, it does the smoothing by approaching the newly produced curve to the linear tool path by taking the tolerance requirement as a constraint. That is, the error between the desired tool path and the G01 commands are taken as a boundary condition to ensure the finally smoothed curve being within the given tolerance. Besides, to improve the smoothing ability in case of small corner angle, an improved local smoothing method is also proposed by symmetrically assigning the control points to the two adjacent linear segments with the constrains of tolerance and G3 continuity. Experiments on an open five-axis machine are developed to verify the advantages of the proposed methods.     

Experimental investigation on dynamic response of flat blades with underplatform dampers

One test rig with three blades and two Under-Platform Dampers (UPDs) is established to better understand the dynamical behavior of blades with UPDs. A pre-loaded spring is used to simulate the centrifugal load acting on the damper, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the pressing load. UPDs with different forms, sizes and materials are carefully designed as experimental control groups. Noncontact measurement via a laser Doppler velocimeter is employed and contact excitation which is performed by an electromagnetic exciter is adopted to directly obtain the magnitude of the excitation load by a force sensor mounted on the excitation rod. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the contact status of the contact surfaces, e.g. the pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the effective contact area of the UPDs. The experimental variables are selected as the centrifugal force, the amplitude of the excitation force, the damper mass, the effective contact area, and the damper material. The Frequency Response Function (FRF) of the blade under different experimental parameters is obtained by slow frequency sweep under sinusoidal excitation to study the influence of each parameter on the dynamic characteristics of the blade and the mechanism analysis is carried out combined with the experimental results.     

高分辨率模数转换电路的设计及误差分析

随着惯性技术的发展,传统的电流频率(I/F）转换电路已经不能满足惯性系统的需要。在传统的I/F转换电路的基础上结合A/D采样芯片,用来对积分器残余电荷进行采样,以得到一种高分辨率模数(I/F+A/D）转换电路。介绍了转换电路的工作原理,分析了电路的原理性误差。经仿真分析及实验验证,与传统的I/F转换电路相比,该电路具有更高的满度输出频率、更大的标度因数以及更好的线性度。输入小信号对电路进行测试,测试结果表明该电路对小信号更加灵敏,具有更高的分辨率。     

基于局部主动轮廓模型的飞机壁板铆接孔定位方法研究

对飞机壁板铆接孔的定位方法进行了研究,提出了一种基于局部主动轮廓模型的铆接孔定位方法。首先通过基于灰度直方图的全局阈值分割和形心法进行铆接孔的粗定位;然后以粗定位坐标为圆心建立遍历圆,并以遍历圆作为限制条件构造能量圆,建立能量方程求解遍历圆内能量最小的像素点为铆接孔的精定位位置;最后进行视觉引导铆接孔定位试验,试验测得定位误差小于0.05mm,满足飞机壁板自动铆接的工艺要求,且比传统的区域主动轮廓模型定位精度高,具有一定的可行性。     

干式变压器数据采集与测控系统中的数据传输研究

干式变压器的数据采集与监控系统是其安全工作的重要组成部分。本文介绍了该系统中数据传输网络的组成、工作原理及数据传输机制,特别是设计独特的RS-232与RS-485之间的无源电平转换接口模块。     

航天器控制高级语言的设计与实现

针对航天测控任务中存在的卫星控制人员手工操作多、任务准备周期长、自动化水平低等问题,在分析航天器控制流程的基础上,抽象出面向卫星控制人员的航天器控制高级语言,设计语言规范,描述Windows平台的编辑、编译、运行功能的设计与实现。该语言成功应用于某中心的卫星测控任务中,任务准备快速高效,大大减轻了卫星控制人员的工作量,任务过程自动执行,无需人工干预,提高了航天器控制过程的自动化水平。     

鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机飞行动力学建模与分析

针对鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机兼有直升机和固定翼机飞行特性的特点,对其飞行动力学模型进行了理论建模与分析研究。应用动量理论建立了旋翼/机翼尾迹模型,分析了旋翼/机翼尾迹对鸭翼、平尾等气动部件的干扰特性,建立了直升机和转换飞行模式受旋翼/机翼尾迹干扰影响的动力学模型以及固定翼飞行模式的动力学模型。提出了各飞行模式的配平策略,使用Matlab工具箱函数简化了平衡特性计算和模型线性化过程,并进行了不同飞行模式、典型飞行状态的纵向运动稳定性分析。结果表明所建立的模型能够反映该类鸭式旋翼/机翼无人机各飞行模式的典型特性,并可用于飞行控制系统设计。     

铝合金阳极化膜上铈转化膜沉积的电化学研究

阳极氧化膜在含1g/L CeCl₃和2.7 g/L H₂O₂的水溶液中阴极电解可以在其表面沉积富铈转化膜.用循环伏安、φ-t和j-t曲线等电化学测试方法对转化膜成膜反应进行了研究,以期获得对成膜机理的深入了解和证实根据其它工作提出的成膜机理.研究结果表明铈转化膜的生成包括阳极氧化膜的化学溶解和4价铈化合物的电化学还原两个过程;在阴极电位达到析氢电位之前,这两个过程主要是由H₂O₂在阴极的电还原改变了阴极表面附近溶液的局部pH值引起的,而O₂的还原通常不能引起这两个过程的发生.      

后加载叶型叶栅的三维压力场及其对损失发展的影响

在低速环形叶栅风洞上对具有后部加载叶型的常规直叶片叶栅和弯曲叶片叶栅进行了吹风实验，得到了两种叶栅的叶片和上、下端壁表面的静压系数分布及气动性能。实验结果表明，后部加载叶型能够建立对应优良气动特性的叶栅内部三维压力场，同时采用弯叶片技术可进一步优化展向静压系数分布。