级间进出口几何角度对压气机气动性能和封严效果的影响

为了削弱级间泄漏流对压气机性能的不利影响,提出了一种基于Coanda型几何进出口的级间结构,并以一个亚声速单级轴流压气机为研究对象,数值模拟了5°,10°,20°三种不同级间进出口几何角度对压气机性能的影响。结果表明:改进后的级间进出口几何结构使得压气机流量和效率均略有提升。分析原因是级间出口泄漏流以较小角度与主流汇合,增大了静叶进口气流的轴向速度、径向速度,使得静子通道流动堵塞程度减轻,总压损失减小,扩压能力增强。同时,新结构还减小了级间泄漏流的流量系数,改善了级间封严效果。5°,10°,20°角度下的压气机效率最大分别提升了0.68%,0.63%,0.62%。     

火花放电合成射流与超声速来流相互干扰特性数值模拟研究

为了指导火花放电式合成射流激励器在超声速流动控制中的应用,数值模拟研究了火花放电合成射流与超声速来流的相互干扰特性。研究表明火花放电式合成射流在超声速流场中产生强烈扰动,产生较强的激波结构;随着射流的喷出,激励器上游分离区和流场中激波呈先增强后减弱的趋势,激波由弓形激波逐渐弱化为斜激波,并且随着放电能量的增加射流与主流的动量通量比不断增大,射流的干扰和控制能力显著增强。由于超声速流的较大惯性及其对腔内气体的引射作用,激励器的腔体回填速率大幅下降、回填时间明显增长,使得激励器的工作频率受到很大限制。     

阵列式表面电弧等离子体气动激励控制三角翼流动分离的实验

为探索多路阵列式微秒脉冲表面电弧放电(μs-SAD,Microsecond pulse surface arc discharge)对尖前缘小后掠三角翼流动分离的控制效果和作用机理,首先通过放电测试和纹影测试对多路阵列式μs-SAD的激励特性进行研究,揭示其对流场的作用原理,进一步将多路阵列式μs-SAD用于三角翼流动控制,开展了小后掠三角翼流动分离控制低速风洞实验,研究了来流速度、激励电压和激励频率等参数对控制效果的影响规律。结果表明:多路阵列式μs-SAD能够快速放热,单路瞬间放电能量可达68mJ,在流场局部可诱导产生冲击波;机翼前缘多路阵列式μs-SAD能有效改善三角翼大迎角气动特性,当来流速度为30m/s时,使最大升力系数提高27.2%,失速迎角推迟4°;来流速度增大到40m/s时,流动控制效果减弱,使最大升力系数提高15.5%;存在最佳激励频率使无量纲频率F+=1时,控制效果最好;激励电压存在阈值,其随来流速度的增加而增大,当激励电压超过阈值电压继续增大时,流动控制效果不再增强。     

超细晶硬质合金加工机理及加工性能

围绕超细晶硬质合金精密磨削加工、在线电解修整磨削加工、电火花加工、超声复合加工、激光复合加工等加工方法,系统综述了超细晶硬质合金的加工机理和加工性能,并展望了超细晶硬质合金高效精密加工未来的研究重点。     

逆向进气复合角发散冷却孔流量系数试验

针对回流燃烧室外环壁面冷气与燃气流动方向相反的情况,试验研究了发散孔进气方向与环腔通道气流流动方向相反的条件下,复合角发散冷却孔流量系数随发散孔倾角(25°~55°)、偏角(90°~180°)及压降系数等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:复合角发散孔的流量系数随倾角的增大而增大,随偏角的增大而减小;随着压降系数的增大,复合角发散孔的流量系数先呈近似线性增长,当压降系数大于0.95后,呈非线性增长且增长速度减缓。      

不同类型多级等离子体激励器诱导气流的力学特性研究

等离子体激励器通过产生的等离子加速气流,可以实现对流动的控制。单级等离子体激励器由于受到等离子体放电的物理限制,其控制作用较小;为了提高等离子体流动控制的效果,关于多级等离子体激励器的研究得到发展。采用图像采集和粒子示踪测速系统(PIV),对传统多级等离子体激励器和多级双极性等离子体激励器的放电现象以及气流加速进行研究,并通过流场速度分布计算等离子体激励器对空气产生的推力和吸力。结果表明:随着电压的升高,传统多级等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力会逐渐减弱;而多级双极性等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力均呈逐渐增强的趋势。     

齿位置对压气机级间封严影响的数值研究

通过对压气机级间封严不同齿位置时的流场和温度场进行数值模拟,获得其泄漏特性、旋流特性和风阻温升特性.研究单齿、双齿和三齿的相对位置对级间篦齿封严的流量系数、出口旋转比和风阻温升的影响.结果表明:单齿情况下,单齿在下游时的流量系数最小,出口旋转比和风阻温升最大.双齿情况下,上游和下游各一齿时的流量系数最小.三齿情况下,上、下游和中间各一齿时流量系数最小.出口旋转比和风阻温升都随流量系数的减小而增大.      

减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的静电探针测量

组建了一套利用静电探针诊断技术测量减压直流非转移弧等离子体射流速度的实验系统。对以纯氩为工质的等离子体,在气流量1．25×10^-1kg/s、弧电流80A、真空室压力165Pa的条件下,测量了射流的速度及其分布。结果表明射流在发生器出口处中心最高速度约为1200m／s,在半径20mm处减小到635m／s。沿射流轴线方向的速度梯度约为10（ms^-1）／mm。射流速度随着弧电流增加而缓慢单调增加;当真空室压力从165Pa提高到2kPa时,发生器出口轴线上的射流速度从1200m／s降至570m／s。     

Operating characteristics of a high radius pre-swirl cooling system

An experimental investigation into pre-swirl effectiveness and receiver hole discharge coefficient characteristics for a high radius injection pre-swirl cooling systems was carried out on a physically representative experimental rig with a 450 mm diameter rotor.The receiver holes and pre-swirl nozzle were located at a radius of 181 mm and 180 mm respectively.The experimental work was mainly conducted at 5 000～12 000 r/min,4 bar absolute pressure and 1.132 kg/s air supply.The maximum air supply temperature was 190 ℃.Pressure and temperature distributions in the pre-swirl system were examined with an emphasis on the velocity effectiveness of the pre-swirl system as a whole and on the discharge coefficients of the rotating 'receiver holes' in the rotor.The results showed that the velocity effectiveness increased with increasing swirl ratio resulting in reduced blade cooling flow temperature.Different seal flow configurations caused very different effectiveness at different speeds,but outflow through the inner and outer seals always gave the highest effectiveness compared other configurations.Increasing the seal flow rate reduced the effectiveness.For the coefficient of discharge,except for the low speed range,it increased with increase in swirl ratio for most speeds.      

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.