微推力ECR离子推力器等离子体源电子获能计算分析

为满足小型航天器的微推进需求,开展了微推力电子回旋共振(ECR)离子推力器的计算研究。实现该推力器的关键是ECR等离子体源合理的磁场和电场分布数值计算,从而使电子在穿过ECR谐振区时能够获得最大能量。为此以双环形永磁材料结构作为磁路,分别以直线形、环形和盘形微波耦合天线产生微波电磁场,同时改变等离子体源特征长度,利用有限元软件计算并分析ECR等离子体源内磁场和微波电场的分布规律以及电子在ECR区的获能规律。结果以微波输入功率5W、频率4.2GHz为例,发现环形耦合天线与较短等离子体源特征长度的结构组合可使电子在ECR区的获能指标达到最大且分布最佳。     

柔性薄壁结构电子束焊接的变形控制

基于电子束焊接方法,探讨了功率分出轴柔性薄壁结构真空电子束焊接过程中的变形控制方法,提出了综合应用最小焊接热输入、减小焊接重叠角度和合理焊接装配及散热相结合的变形控制方法,有效地控制了焊接变形,实现了电子束焊接柔性薄壁结构的制造。     

某型滑轨组件焊接工艺研究

某型滑轨组件采用结构钢基体与厚度为1.5mm的无油自润滑轴承衬板焊接而成。结构钢基体采用18Cr2Ni4WA材料,具有支撑、保证整体刚性的作用。将自润滑衬板冲压成形与滑轨紧密贴合后,边缘采用电子束焊接工艺进行连接。提出一种抗脱落、耐摩擦、精度高、摩擦系数小、成本低、能承受较大载荷的高压燃油柱塞泵滑轨的结构设计方案及加工工艺。     

等离子体对GPS信号载噪比的影响

飞行器再入过程产生等离子体,等离子体中电子密度的变化对电磁波信号造成幅度衰减和相位偏移,严重时导致通信中断。理论分析了等离子体对GPS信号载噪比的影响;利用实验室环境下的等离子体模拟装置,设计了GPS二键相控(BPSK)调制信号透过等离子体的地面模拟方案,进行了等离子体对GPS接收机性能影响的实验研究,获得了不同电子密度下的衰减和导航信号载噪比的数据。实验结果与理论分析一致,不仅证明了等离子体下衰减与导航信号载噪比的变化是一致的结论,而且验证了实验方法的有效性。     

纳米金刚石改性LLDPE的非等温结晶动力学

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、偏光显微镜(POM)以及差示扫描量热(DSC)法,考察了纳米金刚石(Nano-diamond)对线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的结晶形态以及非等温结晶行为的影响。通过Jeziorny法和莫志深法研究了复合材料的非等温结晶动力学,并利用Kissinger方程计算了LLDPE/Nano-diamond复合材料的非等温结晶活化能。结果表明:Nano-diamond是一种有效的成核剂,为LLDPE结晶提供了更多的活化晶核,起到了异相成核的作用,既提高了LLDPE的结晶起始温度To、结晶峰值温度Tp和结晶速率,又降低了球晶的尺寸,使得球晶的分布更为均匀致密;添加Nano-diamond使得复合材料的结晶迁移活化能降低,当Nano-diamond含量为1%时,复合材料结晶活化能达到最小值。     

运输机机翼、机身和翼身组合体气动特性雷诺数效应的数值模拟研究

通过CFD方法对运输机单独机身、翼身组合体及不同厚度和弯度的翼型进行了数值模拟研究,分析了雷诺数对机身和翼身组合体气动特性的影响规律,通过雷诺数对有弯度的翼型及旋成体气动特性影响的研究,初步解释了雷诺数对机身和机翼影响差别的原因。     

基于超光滑表面工艺过程的PSD评价技术研究

基于功率谱密度简化公式,通过数据拟合提取出PSD曲线的两个重要评价参数.研究PSD曲线变化与超光滑表面加工工艺相关性,提出基于超光滑表面工艺过程的PSD评价技术,以指导工艺改进和新工艺的开发.     

Trailing-edge scalloping effect on flat-plate membrane wing performance

This investigation studies the effect of trailing-edge scalloping on the lift and drag force coefficients of flat, membrane wings that vibrate at low Reynolds numbers (<61,000). A series of rigid, flat plate frames with moderate aspect ratio and repeating membrane cell structure were studied and compared to a rigid plate and a rigid scalloped plate. Lift and drag measurements were acquired using an external force-balance; flow fluctuation measurements were captured with a hot-wire. Results showed that the size and aspect ratio of the latex cell had a greater impact on lift than scalloping and that scalloping had a greater effect on drag than the cell aspect ratio. Compared to the solid wings, the membrane wings exhibited higher lift and drag coefficients, likely due to both effective cambering and dynamic interaction with the free shear layer. While trailing-edge scalloping decreased both the lift and drag coefficients relative to no scalloping, the greater effect was on drag, thus, increasing aerodynamic efficiency. The maximum lift-to-drag ratio was attained for a 25% scallop with a repeating cell aspect ratio of one. A unique nondimensional scaling of the membrane vibration peak frequency is also presented.     

Electron density retrieval from occulting GNSS signals using a gradient-aided inversion technique

In the coming years, opportunities for remote sensing of electron density in the Earth’s ionosphere will expand with the advent of Galileo, which will become part of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). Methods for accurate electron density retrieval from radio occultation data continue to improve. We describe a new method of electron density retrieval using total electron content measurements obtained in low Earth orbit. This method can be applied to data from dual-frequency receivers tracking the GPS or Galileo transmitters. This simulation study demonstrates that the method significantly improves retrieval accuracy compared to the standard Abel inversion approach that assumes a spherically symmetric ionosphere. Our method incorporates horizontal gradient information available from global maps of Total Electron Content (TEC), which are available from the International GNSS Service (IGS) on a routine basis. The combination of ground and space measurements allows us to improve the accuracy of electron density profiles near the occultation tangent point in the E and F regions of the ionosphere.     

Peculiarities of the nighttime winter foF2 increase over Irkutsk

An analysis of properties and peculiarities of the nighttime winter foF2 increases (NWI) in the East Siberia is made on data of ionospheric station Irkutsk in the periods 1958–1992 and 2002–2009 and the empirical model of the F2 layer critical frequency under the geomagnetic quiet conditions deduced from these data (model Q-F2). It is revealed, that the NWI is the stable regularity of the quiet ionosphere over Irkutsk. The amplitude of the NWI (the difference between maximum and minimum foF2 values at night hours) is the greatest in December–January and nearly the same at low and middle solar activity. It is a peculiarity of the quiet ionosphere in the East Siberia. Maximum in night foF2 under quiet geomagnetic conditions is observed mainly after midnight (02-04 LT) and is shifted to predawn hours as solar activity increases. At low solar activity the quiet ionosphere at ∼02–04 LT shows the following properties: (a) the fluctuations of foF2 and hmF2 are in the reverse correlation but this dependence is weak; (b) very strong fluctuations of foF2 (|δfoF2| > 30%) occur seldom (∼4% of events) and almost all of them are positive; an example of very strong fluctuations of foF2 up to 60% can be an extreme increase in the foF2 on 19.12.2008; (c) the very strong enhancements of foF2 in the NWI maximum can be observed at the low geomagnetic activity, they occur more often during substorms but very seldom during geomagnetic storms. Possible reasons of these properties of NWI are discussed.