Ponderomotive Forces in Cosmos

This review is devoted to ponderomotive forces and their importance for the acceleration of charged particles by electromagnetic waves in space plasmas. Ponderomotive forces constitute time-averaged nonlinear forces acting on a media in the presence of oscillating electromagnetic fields. Ponderomotive forces represent a useful analytical tool to describe plasma acceleration. Oscillating electromagnetic fields are also related with dissipative processes, such as heating of particles. Dissipative processes are, however, left outside these discussions. The focus will be entirely on the (conservative) ponderomotive forces acting in space plasmas. The review consists of seven sections. In Section 1, we explain the rational for using the auxiliary ponderomotive forces instead of the fundamental Lorentz force for the study of particle motions in oscillating fields. In Section 2, we present the Abraham, Miller, Lundin–Hultqvist and Barlow ponderomotive forces, and the Bolotovsky–Serov ponderomotive drift. The hydrodynamic, quasi-hydrodynamic, and ‘`test-particle’' approaches are used for the study of ponderomotive wave-particle interaction. The problems of self-consistency and regularization are discussed in Section 3. The model of static balance of forces (Section 4) exemplifies the interplay between thermal, gravitational and ponderomotive forces, but it also introduces a set of useful definitions, dimensionless parameters, etc. We analyze the Alfvén and ion cyclotron waves in static limit with emphasis on the specific distinction between traveling and standing waves. Particular attention has been given to the impact of traveling Alfvén waves on the steady state anabatic wind that blows over the polar regions (Section~5). We demonstrate the existence of a wave-induced cold anabatic wind. We also show that, at a critical point, the ponderomotive acceleration of the wind is a factor of 3 greater than the thermal acceleration. Section 6 demonstrates various manifestations of ponderomotive forces in the Earth's magnetosphere, for instance the ionospheric plasma acceleration and outflow. The polar wind and the auroral density cavities are considered in relation to results from the Freja and Viking satellites. The high-altitude energization and escape of ions is discussed. The ponderomotive anharmonicity of standing Alfvén waves is analyzed from ground based ULF wave measurements. The complexity of the many challenging problems related with plasma processes near the magnetospheric boundaries is discussed in the light of recent Cluster observations. At the end of Section 6, we consider the application of ponderomotive forces to the diversity of phenomena on the Sun, in the interstellar environment, on newborn stars, pulsars and active galaxies. We emphasize the role of forcing of magnetized plasmas in general and ponderomotive forcing in particular, presenting some simple conceivable scenarios for massive outflow and jets from astrophysical objects.     

探针特性曲线的初级电子修正及用离子声波速度测电子温度的研究

在Te>>Ti,且存在两种电子能量的等离子体中,讨论了正确进行朗缪尔探针特性曲线修正--初级电子修正方法;用朗缪尔探针方法得到的等离子体电子温度与离子声波速度测量得到的电子温度分布实验结果比较证明,提出的初级电子修正方法是正确的.实验结果还表明,用离子声波速度测量得到的电子温度误差较小,平均测量误差△Te大约只有0.1eV,有望成为一种可行的电子温度测量方法.     

常开空心轴裂纹转子系统的动力学特性

研究了常开空心轴裂纹转子系统的动力学特性.考虑裂纹单元截面中性轴的时变特性,推导了裂纹转子的刚度矩阵,考虑重力及不平衡激励,采用有限元法建立了常开空心轴裂纹转子系统的动力学方程.采用谐波平衡法对方程进行求解,给出了不同裂纹深度下的三维幅频图,表明在临界转速和亚临界转速处均有峰值出现;分析了裂纹深度、裂纹位置对该系统的临界转速的影响,表明位于跨中靠近惯性量较大圆盘的深裂纹对常开空心轴裂纹转子系统的影响大,临界转速下降快;计算了该系统在亚临界转速时的非线性振动响应,结果表明:亚临界转速下常开空心轴裂纹转子系统会发生超谐共振现象.所提出的空心轴裂纹的建模方法为航空发动机转子系统裂纹故障的非线性动力学分析提供了理论指导.      

The quiet nighttime low-latitude ionosphere as observed by TIMED/GUVI

In this paper, we examine the nighttime ionosphere climatology structure in the low latitude region and discrepancies between Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) observations and the IRI model predictions using (1) the magnetic zonal mean of electron number density as a function of altitude and magnetic latitude, (2) vertical electron density profiles at various levels of F10.7 index, (3) nighttime descent and magnitude decrease of the ionosphere, (4) point-to-point comparisons of F-peak height (hmF2) and density (NmF2), and (5) the magnetic longitudinal variations of hmF2 and NmF2. The data collected from the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) mission since its launch in December 2001 have provided great opportunities for many scientific investigations of the ionosphere. In this analysis, we investigate the climatology of the nighttime low-latitude ionosphere under low geomagnetic activity (kp ? 4) using the electron density profiles inferred from the airglow measurements obtained by the GUVI aboard the TIMED spacecraft and compared with the results obtained from IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model-2001. The observed climatology is an essential tool for further understanding the electrodynamics in the low-latitude region and improving the model’s prediction capability. The time range of the GUVI data used in this study is from 2002 (day 053) to 2006 (day 304), and the IRI model predictions were produced at every GUVI location. The ionosphere observed is generally of greater density than what IRI predicts throughout the night for all four seasons for low and moderate solar activity while the model over-predicts the electron density near the F-region peak at high solar activity before midnight. Observations show that the height of the F-region peak has a steep descent from dusk to midnight and near midnight the height of layer is insensitive to solar conditions, significantly different than what is predicted by IRI. Longitudinal features shown in GUVI data are present in the low-latitude ionosphere after sunset and continue through to midnight after which the low-latitude ionosphere is largely zonally symmetric.     

宽带改型B夹层移动通信天线罩的仿真设计

带宽是移动通信加罩天线的一项重要技术指标。利用A nsoft HFSS软件,以单极子柱状天线为研究对象,首先对单层罩结构进行仿真,其结果验证了方法的正确性;并在此基础上提出一种新型的B夹层罩壁结构,分析了天线谐振频率和带宽随罩壁厚度,材料的介电常数,天线罩内径以及夹芯层占罩壁总厚度比例等参数的变化趋势,找出了以上参数对带宽影响的最优化范围,设计的这种天线罩具有单层罩近2倍的带宽。     

基于叶间布置的球柔性缩比模型桨毂阻尼器设计与分析

主要介绍了叶间布置的球柔性缩比模型桨毂阻尼器的设计与分析,解决了由于缩比模型桨毂尺寸小,阻尼器难布置,以及与4米模型旋翼试验台“地面共振”的问题,设计出合适的阻尼器尺寸和满足要求的性能参数。     

一种Mx构型氦光泵磁力仪的磁共振理论分析与实验验证

从亚稳态氦原子的Liouville方程和Bloch方程出发,研究了基于Mx构型的亚稳态氦原子的光磁双共振过程,建立了光探测磁共振线型的理论模型,并通过实验对幅值信号与相位信号的磁共振线型仿真结果进行验证,实测曲线与理论预测匹配较好。对共振线宽进行了估算,讨论了影响磁力仪工作灵敏度的磁力仪设计参数,这对Mx构型氦光泵磁力仪的研制有重要的指导意义。     

挠性卫星PID受控系统特征频率

提出了挠性卫星受控系统特征频率的概念,并对其进行了分析和研究．着重研究了PID控制器参数与受控系统特征频率的关系．仿真结果表明,非约束模态受控频率随Kp或Kd值的增大而趋于卫星的约束模态频率值;刚体受控频率随Kp和Kd的增大按特定规律变化;而Ki对受控系统特征频率影响微小．最后结合仿真算例研究了受控系统特征频率在在轨辨识中的应用,在传统PID控制系统的反馈通道中引入谐振带通滤波器并以在轨辨识结果设置滤波器参数,有效地提高了控制精度．     

不同钝化工艺SiO2薄膜的辐射缺陷

为研究不同钝化工艺栅介质用SiO₂薄膜的高能电子辐射缺陷特征,采用能量为1 MeV的高能电子在辐照注量为1×10¹⁵ e/cm²、5×10¹⁵ e/cm²和1×10¹⁶e/cm²下对三种不同钝化工艺（I,700 nm SiN + 500 nm PSG;II,1.2 μm SiN;III,700 nm PSG + 500 nm SiN）的SiO₂薄膜进行了辐照试验。拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱结果表明I和III钝化工艺SiO₂薄膜形成了非晶硅及双氧根离子,傅立叶红外光谱结果表明I钝化工艺SiO₂薄膜形成缺陷结构未知的A₁、A₂、B₁及B₂缺陷;II钝化工艺SiO₂薄膜形成A₁、B₁、及 缺陷;III钝化工艺SiO₂薄膜形成A₁、及B₂缺陷。     

声电换能超材料设计与性能

设计了一种将Helmholtz共振效应与压电效应结合的声电换能超材料结构及电路系统,通过传递矩阵法对超材料的能带结构进行了分析.以压电片作为Helmholtz共振器基底通过阵列形成超材料结构.当入射噪声频率与共振频率一致时,声电转换效率最高.利用COMSOL分别对超材料单元及系统进行仿真,验证了超材料单元对于噪声的抑制...