Active space debris charging for contactless electrostatic disposal maneuvers

The remote charging of a passive object using an electron beam enables touchless re-orbiting of large space debris from geosynchronous orbit (GEO) using electrostatic forces. The advantage of this method is that it can operate with a separation distance of multiple craft radii, thus reducing the risk of collision. The charging of the tug–debris system to high potentials is achieved by active charge transfer using a directed electron beam. Optimal potential distributions using isolated- and coupled-sphere models are discussed. A simple charging model takes into account the primary electron beam current, ultra-violet radiation induced photoelectron emission, collection of plasma particles, secondary electron emission and the recapture of emitted particles. The results show that through active charging in a GEO space environment high potentials can be both achieved and maintained with about a 75% transfer efficiency. Further, the maximum electrostatic tractor force is shown to be insensitive to beam current levels. This latter later result is important when considering debris with unknown properties.     

基于LS-DYNA直齿轮动态啮合特性分析

基于接触有限元分析理论和显式计算方法,利用LS-DYNA软件,可以高保真地模拟齿轮动态啮合过程。通过建立某实验研究中齿轮的精确啮合有限元分析模型,利用上述方法,模拟实验齿轮的动态啮合过程,根据数值计算结果分析齿轮动态啮合过程的振动特性。研究表明:齿轮动态啮合过程的数值模拟结果与实验结果具有很好的一致性;薄壁齿轮易产生结构振动,且其轮缘振动明显;降低轮缘及腹板的厚度,会使得轮缘及腹板承担齿轮啮合载荷的比重增大;当腹板位置不在齿宽中心时,会导致直齿轮动态啮合过程产生轴向啮合力。此外,研究还得出齿轮的共振条件以及齿轮共振状态的判定方法。      

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.     

一种高空飞艇螺旋桨结构多目标优化设计方法

为了远离旋转激振力的影响避免桨叶共振,需要提高桨叶的弯曲频率,这不可避免的会增加质量。为了解决低质量与高频率之间的矛盾,提出了一种螺旋桨两目标优化方法。以桨叶最小质量和最大弯曲频率作为两个优化目标,以复合材料的铺层角度、铺层厚度和铺层区域作为设计变量,以最大应变、桨尖最大位移和桨叶50%、75%和85%剖面处的扭转角作为约束,使用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对螺旋桨进行优化设计,得到了关于质量和频率的Pareto解集。转速为520 r/min的两叶桨的转频为8.76 Hz,穿越频率为17.33 Hz,根据频率在Pareto解集上选取远离这两个点的方案。通过制造与测试,得到的实物桨叶频率为12.29 Hz,距离两个共振点都较远,有效的避免了桨叶共振。      

跪式起落架结构参数对直升机滚转模态频率影响的研究

铰接式单旋翼直升机的滚转模态是影响地面共振最关键的模态。文章针对跪式起落架结构和力的非线性特点,计算了起落架轮轴垂向力与缓冲支柱轴向力的传递系数。利用缓冲支柱及轮胎的静压缩试验数据,采用迭代计算的方法进行了全机地面平衡计算。基于刚度和阻尼等效计算原则,提出了跪式起落架系统的等效刚度和等效阻尼计算方法。通过对UH-60直升机仿真计算可知,摇臂外撑一定角度、缓冲支柱及轮轴长度增加、缓冲支柱与机身连接点下移能够不同程度的提高机体滚转模态频率。若将摇臂撑开30°,缓冲支柱伸长0.2 m,轮轴伸长0.2 m时,机体滚转模态频率可从3.54Hz提高到4.35Hz,比设计改进前提高了22.8%。通过改进起落架结构参数设计提高机体滚转模态频率,能够有效改善直升机的地面共振特性。     

核磁共振陀螺原子核自旋进动的建模与仿真

针对87Rb-129Xe核磁共振陀螺中原子核的自旋进动,基于核磁共振Bloch方程,给出了Xe原子核自旋进动模型,详细分析了横向激励磁场的相位和幅值对Xe原子宏观磁矩进动的影响,以及实现稳态进动的条件。建立了Xe原子宏观磁矩进动的仿真模型,对激励磁场反馈控制、陀螺角位移信号相位解调进行了仿真。分析和仿真结果表明,当载体系旋转时,陀螺角位移线性调制Xe原子宏观磁矩水平分量的进动相位,为了维持磁共振,横向激励磁场相位应与宏观磁矩y向分量的进动相位保持一致;模型能够准确地实现对陀螺载体坐标系旋转位移的观测。     

三向碳-碳复合材料界面结构研究

本文用透射电子显微术研究了三向碳-碳复合材料的界面结构。结果表明:在碳纤维表面微缺陷区或活性区,存在沉积碳微晶条带“钉扎”结构;在碳纤维表面光滑区,存在一定数量的界面间隙:沥青碳与沉积碳的界面存在一个沉积碳微晶条带与沥青碳石墨条带相互贯穿网络所形成的诱导结构界面相。本文分析了界面缺陷,并讨论了界面结构对纤维束断裂行为的影响。     

对RLC串联电路中通频带与RLC参数关系的讨论——从一道习题引起的问题

讨论了RLC串联电路中通频带与RLC参数的关系,说明在设计一个RLC串联谐振电路时,在给定谐振频率,电感量和频带宽度时,上下边界频率不能只满足通频带宽度而任意假定,还应满足通频带与RLC这些参数之间关系的表达式.     

30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢真空电子束焊接工艺应用研究

针对锁底对接形式的30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢进行了真空电子束焊接工艺分析与讨论,借助金相分析、显微硬度、扫描电镜等测试方法对焊缝形貌、组织和性能进行了研究,并分析了常见缺陷的种类和防止措施。试验结果表明,在合适的电子束焊接参数下可以获得较为理想的30CrMnSiNi2A超高强度钢焊缝形貌,且具有较好的综合力学性能,焊缝经目视检查、X射线探伤和磁粉探伤,达到I级焊缝要求,并将此焊接工艺成功地应用于飞机机体产品的焊接。     

基于Hartmann谐振腔的雾化喷嘴声场流场特性

采用试验与数值模拟相结合的方法研究了谐振腔孔径、谐振腔深度、谐振腔与射流喷孔距离以及喷嘴压比（NPR）对基于Hartmann谐振腔（HRT）的气动式超声波雾化喷嘴外部流场及声场的影响.结果表明:当喷嘴压比大于2时,喷嘴压比增大对声场频率影响较小;当喷嘴压比小于2时,谐振腔依然能够产生高频声场,但其频率较高喷嘴压比时产生的小.当谐振腔深度小于1倍射流喷孔孔径时,此时高频声场主要由射流的不稳定性引发,声场频率与谐振腔深度经验关系式此时并不适用;当谐振腔孔径大于1.75倍射流喷孔孔径时,声场频率大小有降低趋势.谐振腔与射流喷孔距离与声场频率关系紧密,当谐振腔放置在自由射流压力增大区域时,才可获得理想高频声场.