高熵陶瓷:吸波材料设计新策略北大核心CSCD

微波技术的进步促进了电磁防护技术的发展。吸波材料可以将过剩的电磁辐射以热量形式耗散,因此受到了广泛关注。面对复杂的电磁环境,寻找在1~18 GHz频段内兼具强吸收和宽频吸收性能的吸波材料具有重要意义。目前,吸波材料的设计方法主要包括制备纳米复相材料和掺杂改性。通过将介电损耗型和磁损耗型的材料在纳米尺度复合可以实现两种损耗机制的耦合,但制备工艺复杂、纳米填料分散性难以精确控制、高温热稳定性及抗氧化性差等问题是制约纳米复相材料应用的主要因素。超高温陶瓷具有高温热稳定性及抗氧化性好等优点,但阻抗匹配差使其难以作为吸波材料应用。通过设计和制备含有磁性组元的高熵陶瓷可以使超高温陶瓷材料兼具宽频吸收和强吸收的高效吸波性能。采用高熵设计方法可以同时调节导电性和增强磁损耗能力,为导电性良好的介电型吸波材料提供了调控阻抗匹配的新思路。     

基于远场模式的散射体形状成像

对线性抽样法的电磁场逆散射求解进行了研究。为避免迭代和优化法的正问题求解,用积分算子将散射物边界数据映射到散射场的远场模式,针对第一类积分方程的不适定性,用Tikhonov正则化法求解,并用高阶收敛算法确定正则化参数以快速数值实现。数值计算结果表明：线性抽样法＋确定正则化参数的高阶收敛算法可较好地滤除噪声,减少了确定正则化参数的计算量。     

不同螺旋体浓度旋波介质吸波性能的研究

利用空间测量方法对不同浓度手性旋波介质的吸波性能进行了测量。实验表明,手性螺旋的浓度可以做为调节旋波介质吸波性能的一个灵敏参量。在非手性基体中加入适当浓度的螺旋体可有效提高手性介质的吸波性能。手性螺旋体的基体中的浓度有一最佳浓度匹配点,该浓度点在３．２％和４．０％之间。在设计高吸收宽频段的手征性吸波材料时,应考虑螺旋体在手性介质中的浓度匹配。     

Whipple防护结构超高速撞击极限分析

空间碎片的超高速撞击可能导致航天器发生严重的损伤甚至灾难性的失效,由于近地轨道上空间碎片的增加导致航天器的安全受到严重威胁,必须设置防护结构予以防护。本文从动力学分析入手,初步建立超高速撞击时Whipple防护结构的撞击极限方程,得到了与撞击极限相关的参数以及参数之间的关系,为实验提供基础。本文方程得到的撞击极限曲线与已有方程的撞击极限曲线吻合较好。     

卫星无线传能系统主动电场屏蔽效能分析

针对无线传能系统宽频段电场辐射屏蔽的需求,建立了采用主动屏蔽方式的无线传能系统屏蔽效能分析电路模型。推导出主动屏蔽激励源可由无线传能系统电压激励源控制。给出了空间点位置和面位置屏蔽效能计算公式,通过对激励电压源进行傅里叶变换后提取关注频段电压分量可实现对宽频段屏蔽效能的分析。通过仿真分析证明了方法的有效性,屏蔽效能与空间位置有关,同时受限于传输效率的约束。通过调节压控电压源的压控系数可以在传输效率损失相对较小的情况下实现关注位置电场辐射的有效屏蔽。最后通过实验验证了无线传能系统主动屏蔽方式屏蔽效能分析方法的正确性和工程可应用性。     

基于混响室的电磁环境及自然环境综合试验箱设计和仿真技术

本文提出一种基于混响室平台将电磁环境和自然环境结合的综合试验箱集成技术，该试验箱集成了环境试验条件和电磁辐射敏感度试验条件，可以在高低温、湿热、温度循环、温度冲击等多种环境条件下同时对电子设备施加电磁辐射干扰，考核电子设备在同施加环境应力和电磁应力的复杂条件下的适应性。经过设计、建造和测试，该集成技术满足各项预期指标并容易进行推广，可进一步降低设备试验成本。     

A robust solution for hesitate phenomenon in pick up process of aerospace electromagnetic relay

As for aerospace electromagnetic relay (AEMR) which is of small batches and having difficulty in automatic production, the uncertainty phenomenon is remarkable due to excessive manual work involved in the assembly and adjustment processes. This kind of uncertainty may increase the coil voltage difference (CVD) caused by hesitate phenomenon in the pick up process of AEMR. Taking a certain type of AEMR for example, the CVD problem in the actual producing process has been studied in this paper. The primary cause of this issue, two-steps of armature motion (namely hesitate phenomenon) in the pick up process, has been found by analyzing the matching characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical torques of AEMR. Through the optimization of the matching characteristics, the two-steps of armature motion problem is solved by robust design of the return reed which is a key part of AEMR. The validity of this research has been proved by the comparison of characteristics of AMER before and after the optimization.     

Passive cooling of superconducting magnetic systems in space

The equilibrium temperature of a system in space can be lowered by a suitable choice of its geometry and its attitude. This remark is important for devices based on medium temperature and high temperature superconducting materials, and offers the possibility of their fully passive cooling without or with a marginal recourse to active systems. General parameterizations are given and simple schemes discussed. The adopted geometrical configuration and the attitude can enhance the role of passive cooling of the large superconducting magnetic systems required for protecting from ionizing radiation manned habitats in deep space. A specific example based on MgB₂ cable for protecting large volume habitats (500 and 1000 m³) is treated. The systems can be run in deep space at equilibrium temperatures around 20 K mainly by passive cooling, provided that their geometry and attitude would be suitably chosen.     

电磁铆接放电过程仿真分析

目前,电磁铆接的放电回路主要有两种形式,一种是电容直接对线圈进行放电;另一种是电容对脉冲变压器放电,然后脉冲变压器作用于线圈.     

Statistical validation of HZETRN as a function of vertical cutoff rigidity using ISS measurements

Measurements taken in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and transit vehicles have been extensively used to validate radiation transport models. Primarily, such comparisons were done by integrating measured data over mission or trajectory segments so that individual comparisons to model results could be made. This approach has yielded considerable information but is limited in its ability to rigorously quantify and differentiate specific model errors or uncertainties. Further, as exploration moves beyond LEO and measured data become sparse, the uncertainty estimates derived from these validation cases will no longer be applicable. Recent improvements in the underlying numerical methods used in HZETRN have resulted in significant decreases in code run time. Therefore, the large number of comparisons required to express error as a function of a physical quantity, like cutoff rigidity, are now possible. Validation can be looked at in detail over any portion of a flight trajectory (e.g. minute by minute) such that a statistically significant number of comparisons can be made. This more rigorous approach to code validation will allow the errors caused by uncertainties in the geometry models, environmental models, and nuclear physics models to be differentiated and quantified. It will also give much better guidance for future model development. More importantly, it will allow a quantitative means of extrapolating uncertainties in LEO to free space. In this work, measured data taken onboard the ISS during solar maximum are compared to results obtained with the particle transport code HZETRN. Comparisons are made at a large number (∼77,000) of discrete time intervals, allowing error estimates to be given as a function of cutoff rigidity. It is shown that HZETRN systematically underestimates exposure quantities at high cutoff rigidity. The errors are likely associated with increased angular variation in the geomagnetic field near the equator, the lack of pion production in HZETRN, and errors in high energy nuclear physics models, and will be the focus of future work.