磁层电场仪前端信号处理电路研究

针对磁层稀薄等离子体环境中的电场测量,设计了一种电场仪前端信号处理电路方案.双探针电场仪通过向等离子体输出驱动电流,测量两探针间的电位差,从而测量空间电场的探测仪器.在磁层稀薄等离子体环境下,等离子体阻抗较高,电场仪探针将工作在较高的工作电压上.若探针电压接近或超过电路耐压值,则可能会影响探测结果,甚至损坏电场仪.本文结合低偏置电流的电压跟随方案和反馈悬浮电源控制方案,解决了稀薄等离子体环境中电场测量的弱电流采样和高动态电位处理问题,并采用低噪声元件和特殊电路设计,控制电路噪声.测试结果显示,本方案可使探针适应±100V的悬浮电位,实现150kHz带宽的电场信号测量,且噪声小于14nV·mHz^-1/2,满足目前空间电场仪测量精度需求.     

交变电场清除介电颗粒的作用

电帘除尘被认为是最有可能在深空探测中应用的除尘方法之一. 利用电动力学基本理论分析了平行电极清除颗粒的条件, 引入克服范德瓦尔斯力对颗粒运动影响的临界悬浮电压判据, 并获得了该除尘临界电压与交流电频率之间的关系. 理论计算和实验结果表明, 在频率较低和较高的情况下, 临界电压取决于不同的物理机制.     

Influences of characteristic parameters on starting-up process of an arcjet thruster

Arcjet thruster has been a widely used electrical propulsion technology on GEO satellites since 1993. In its long history of technical development and commercial application, lifetime verification of an arcjet thruster is always one of the most important and expensive tasks.Considering that the main life limitation of an arcjet thruster is electrode ablation and a significant share of the total ablation happens in its starting-up process, the starting-up process is studied with arc voltage signa...     

A brief review of alternative propellants and requirements for pulsed plasma thrusters in micropropulsion applications

Technological miniaturization has enabled the development of small satellites weighing as little as 1 kg. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of suitable efficient micropropulsion systems at these scales. The pulsed plasma thruster is a structurally simple form of electric propulsion. This simplicity also makes it ideally suited for miniaturization. Its history can be traced back to applications in satellites that are much larger than micro/nano-satellites. The vast majority of modern pulsed pl...     

基于壁面电势诊断霍尔推力器的振荡特性

为了进一步加深对霍尔推力器工作过程中等离子体震荡的研究,基于金属-陶瓷复合放电室霍尔推力器金属壁面导电的特点,提出了利用金属壁面和阳极之间电势差振荡测量等离子体振荡的方法,对电势振荡与推力器工作参数的关系进行了实验研究.结果表明:电势振荡比放电电流振荡包含更多的信息;放电电压的增加会加大高频振荡的幅值,呼吸效应幅值随放...     

电帆推进在等离子体环境下推力影响因素分析和试验研究

为了分析电帆推力的影响因素，根据电帆推进原理设计了电帆地面模拟装置。首先分析了真空中带电导线和等离子作用机理，得出了电帆推力公式。利用朗缪尔探针测量了电帆模拟试验环境中等离子体参数，计算产生推力的大小，最后通过微推力测量系统测量电帆产生的推力，与计算结果进行了对比。根据推力公式和仿真结果表明，提高电压、增加带电粒子密度和速度、增加电帆长度均可增加推力。在试验中电帆上电压从300V增加到800V时，推力从9μN增加到26μN。仿真和试验结果表明，电压、带电粒子密度和速度、电帆导线长度都对推力有影响。根据试验结果，电帆推力公式的经验推力系数在1～2取值。     

Study of UV Ne II line shapes in the cathode sheath of an abnormal glow discharge

We report results of an experimental and theoretical study of complex UV line shapes of Ne II 369.421 nm, Ne II 370.962 nm, Ne II 371.308 nm, and.Ne II 372.711 nm lines in the cathode sheath (CS) region of an abnormal DC glow discharge in pure neon. Two sets of experimental profiles and electric field distributions, one for discharge with tungsten and the other with titanium cathode, were obtained by means of the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and theoretically studied by the iterative CS kinetic model. It is shown that our theoretical model enables the determination of the most important CS parameters (e.g. the thickness of the CS region, and the theoretical distributions of electric field and gas temperature) and thereupon based accurate theoretical predictions of the experimentally observed profiles of the studied lines.     

Breakthrough detection in electrochemical discharge drilling to enhance machining stability

Film cooling holes are widely used in aero-engine turbine blades. These blades feature large numbers of holes with complex angles and require a high level of surface integrity. Electrochemical discharge drilling(ECDD) combines the high efficiency of electrical discharge drilling(EDD) with high quality of electrochemical drilling(ECD). However, due to the existence of a variety of energy for material removal, accurate and timely detection of breakthroughs is fraught with difficulties. An insuffic...     

基于数字孪生的航天电推进器优化设计方法

针对以引力波探测为代表的空间科学任务和以“国网星座计划”为代表的商用卫星网络任务对推进器的特殊需求，本文提出了一种基于数字孪生的推进器优化设计方法。该方法首先建立由机理模型模块和测试数据集模块组成的数字孪生体。机理模型模块依据推进器的物理过程建立模型，对难以测量的数据进行仿真模拟；测试数据集模块通过实验对推进器进行测试，依靠测试数据建立可测参数的数学模型。将数字孪生体与实验进行对比，通过对比结果反馈调节机理模块从而不断提高孪生体的准确性，最终为优化设计提供依据。结果表明：(1)该方法能够构建微波离子推进器的数字孪生体；(2)该数字孪生体的预测结果存在一定差异，通过分析发现该差异与机理模型的精细度以及测试数据集的数据量有关。     

电动膨胀循环液氧甲烷变推力发动机动态特性研究

电动泵压式液体火箭发动机受到了广泛的关注，然而电池有限的输出功率和过于沉重的质量成为限制电动泵压式发动机发展的重要因素。为此本文提出了一种电机驱动燃料泵和涡轮驱动氧泵的电动膨胀循环液体火箭发动机方案，并着重研究了该型发动机的动态响应特性。首先给出了20 kN级电动膨胀循环发动机的技术指标和部组件参数，进一步基于AMESim平台建立了全系统动力学模型，验证了方案的可行性和部组件动力学模型的准确性，并深入研究了单点工况和调节工况的动态响应特性。结果表明，针对启动过程而言，涡轮泵调整时间较电动泵长，这降低了系统响应速度，但工况越高，系统响应速度越快；高工况启动时，甲烷在冷却通道内的剧烈相变和跨临界状态的不连续物性相互耦合易引发系统振荡；就调节过程而言，推力调节时普遍存在超调或凹坑现象，且系统在两相同工况之间调节时，正调响应速度快于负调，这也导致阶跃幅值相等条件下的系统调整时间随目标工况升高而缩短。