工业企业计量工作经济效益评定初探

工业企业的计量工作是工业企业的一项重要基础工作,它反映着工业企业产品质量和经济发展的水平,并且也是一种生产力;“计量保证质量”、“计量就是计钱”,无论在技术上还是在经济上,计量工作对于工业企业进入市场,控制成本和降低成本,增加经济效益都有着不可替代的作用。     

雇佣劳动本质探讨

劳动力商品关系下的劳动，并不一定就是雇佣劳动。劳动力商品的特点使由它形成的劳动过程具有自身的特定内容，劳动力使用权分离为支配使用权和直接使用权。如果劳动力所有者的劳动力直接使用权的收益权被剥夺，不能参与利润的分配，利润全部被雇主获得，劳动者完全是在为雇主劳动，这样的劳动就是雇佣劳动。如果劳动力所有者的劳动力直接使用权的收益权得到实现，参与了利润的分配，他既为雇主劳动也为自己劳动，这样的劳动就不是雇佣劳动，而是合作互利劳动。雇佣劳动的本质就是劳动力直接使用权的收益权不能实现，劳动者不能参与利润分配，完全是为雇主的利益进行劳动。让劳动力直接使用权参与利润分配实现其收益权，就是变雇佣劳动为合作互利劳动。     

外资入陕的制度环境因素

如何有效吸引外商投资，是西部大开发中西部各省所面临的一项重大而又有现实意义的课题。近年来陕西省的引资工作虽然取得一定成效，但与东部各省相比仍存在较大差距，同时也面临西部各省的激烈竞争。作为西部大省的陕西应从制度创新、规范政府行为入手，提高有效制度供给能力，从而在制度安排上切实改善陕西的投资环境，实现投资环境改善和外商投资增长的良性互动。     

试论全面质量成本管理

质量成本管理在工业企业经营活动中起着举足轻重的作用,质量成本分析是财务管理的重要组成部分,加强质量成本分析有利于企业进行成本控制,有利于企业选择最优的质量成本模型,使企业以最小的投入获得最大的经济效益。     

Measuring the economic benefits of a national planetary protection policy to regulate future private space activities between Earth and Mars: Results of a contingent valuation survey in Greece

The emergence of private space actors may soon enable the growth of the novel market segments of space research and exploration, space resources utilization, and human access to space. The interdisciplinary field of Planetary Protection has to keep up with these advances. Planetary Protection is defined as a set of guidelines that aim to prevent the forward contamination of celestial bodies with biological material from Earth and the backward contamination of the terrestrial biosphere with extraterrestrial biological material. As space entrepreneurs acquire and develop the resources and competencies for commercial access to space, significant questions are expected to be raised in the future with respect to potential forward and backward contamination issues, particularly with respect to activities between Earth and Mars. Although such private activities do not seem to pose a serious Planetary Protection threat at the moment, certain preparatory steps need to be taken in order to prudently inform the relevant policy-making procedures. This work describes the application of the Contingent Valuation Method, a useful tool of the environmental economics discipline, with the aim of demonstrating a novel approach to estimate the economic valuation of the external benefits of preventing forward and backward contamination between Earth and Mars. Particularly, via a survey specifically developed for this purpose, a set of questions are used to elicit the perceived economic value that respondents place on the prevention of forward and backward contamination; the survey is administered to a national probability sample in Greece, and the generated data is processed through statistical analysis. The Contingent Valuation Method is a popular and well-established stated preference valuation technique; these techniques are often the more suitable choice for ex-ante valuations of future changes, and are currently the only known approach to capture all the aspects of the economic value of non-market goods. Through an initial proof-of-concept in Greece, the goal of this work is to provide useful insights on the expected external benefits of a national Planetary Protection policy to regulate future private space activities between Earth and Mars, and to encourage a larger-scale application of this tool in other countries around the world.     

经济法调整对象探析

经济法的调整对象是经济法基础理论的核心问题。根据政府干预经济的内容,对经济法所调整的具体经济关系可以概括为市场经济主体的法律调整、市场管理关系的法律调整、宏观调控关系的法律调整、社会保障关系的法律调整。     

以人为本:非营利组织社会营销的核心理念

社会营销作为非营利组织营销的一种新的发展趋势,抛弃了传统营销思维中只重视产品的观念,更加注重消费者欲望需求的满足,更加关爱顾客,重视消费者的利益,体现了新的科学发展观以"人"为本的新的营销理念.     

Economic effect of satellite communications based on the Great East Japan Earthquake

On 11 March 2011, an undersea earthquake of magnitude 9.0, the largest ever recorded in Japan, occurred off the Oshika Peninsula on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The hypocentral region extended for 500 km in the north–south direction from Iwate Prefecture to Ibaraki Prefecture, and for 200 km in east–west direction. The earthquake generated a tsunami with a height of more than 10 m and a run-up height of up to 40.0 m in certain places, which inflicted devastating damage on the coastal areas of the Tohoku and Kanto regions. In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake caused shaking, liquefaction, subsidence, and the collapse of dams, causing major damage to vast areas in the Tohoku and Kanto regions and disrupting various types of infrastructure, including communication. In light of this unprecedented damage, satellite communications were important from various perspectives while terrestrial communications systems were damaged, and an objective evaluation of the role played by satellite communications is relevant to its future installation, adoption and use as a standalone or backup system. Furthermore, satellite communications can help reduce the extent of damage, particularly damage to communications systems, inflicted by strong earthquakes in the future. Accordingly, we report a preliminary quantitative evaluation of the role of satellite communications in the Great East Japan Earthquake, of the role of satellite communications if it becomes widespread, and of its expected role in future large-scale earthquakes in terms of the economic effect converted into cost.     

基于过程的管制系统经济性质量品质评估

本文从空管系统对航空公司飞机燃油消耗的影响出发,讨论了管制服务经济性质量品质。在对管制系统进行过程分析的基础上,建立管制系统运行经济性质量品质评估指标体系,并引入模糊-层次分析法复合模型,对管制运行系统的质量进行评估。算例分析表明该模型具有可行性。     

航材管理发展方向研究

如何在保证安全的前提下,追求最大的经济效益,是摆在飞机维修单位面前的一个重要问题。通过对CAAC航材管理发展要求的研读,从转变航材管理观念、加强航材成本控制、建立航材共享平台等方面提出了建立经济效益型航材管理模式的建议,以降低公司成本,保障飞行安全,提高公司的竞争力。