地球轨道卫星电推进变轨控制方法

针对地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星,采用电推进系统完成转移轨道变轨。采用基于Lyapunov函数的反馈控制方法确定时间最短变轨策略。首先在开普勒模型下研究变轨过程,然后在开普勒模型的基础上考虑地球J2项摄动和地球阴影,最后在全引力模型下研究变轨过程,即在开普勒模型的基础上考虑地球非球形引力摄动、日月第三体引力摄动、太阳光压摄动和地球阴影。仿真结果显示在变轨过程中摄动项不可忽略,除地球J2项摄动外还应该考虑日月第三体引力摄动和太阳光压摄动。对比上述三组仿真结果,发现考虑摄动后轨道转移时间的增加比燃料消耗的增加更为明显。数值仿真结果表明本文研究对未来的全电推进任务具有良好的通用性和应用参考价值。     

一种全复合材料卫星天线承力筒的研制

针对卫星天线承力筒轻质、高轴向模量、低轴向热膨胀的需求,文章开展了承力筒总体成型方案设计、材料基础热力学性能测试及产品试制等工作,并通过了实验考核。结果表明:对于材料的热力学性能,按经纬向比例1︰2编织的M40J炭布层压板在常温下纬向拉伸模量为118GPa,纬向拉伸强度为771MPa;在(?190~150)℃范围内,纬向热膨胀系数为(0.3~1.4)×10?6℃?1,经向热膨胀系数为(0.3~5.3)×10?6℃?1。该复合材料承力筒比铝质承力筒质量减少40%以上。复合材料承力筒经过(?170~120)℃/24h、6.5个循环的高低温循环实验考核,产品无残余变形,内部未出现开裂、分层等现象。     

基于IRS-P6的岷江上游裸地变化特征研究

以汶川地震干扰作用下岷江上游裸地变化特征为依据,选取岷江上游地形资料及2006年和2009年两个时期IRS-P6多光谱影像数据,通过对岷江上游地区裸地特征地类进行特征分析,在监督分类和聚类分析模块下提取出该区域裸地与非裸地范围,定量界定出岷江上游流域地震前后裸地变化范围。结果表明:岷江上游震前(2006年)裸地面积为2 196km2,震后(2009年)裸地面积为3 680km2,扩大了1 484km2;裸地分布高程从2 200m升高至2 800m,其面积增加较多区域主要集中在汶川县至茂县交界地带、理县的杂谷脑流域一带及黑水县部分区域,该区域亦是人口密度相对集中、地质灾害频发、生态环境相对薄弱的区域。该方法的实现为利用IRS-P6界定生境系统特征提供参考价值,也为环境脆弱性区综合评价分析提供技术支撑。     

一种星载激光测距仪姿态的确定方法及误差分析

激光测距仪与立体测绘相机在对地目标定位方面具有较强的互补性,将两者结合可以获取较高的地面目标三维定位精度。利用激光测距仪辅助立体测绘相机实现全球大比例尺无控测图是当今测绘卫星的发展方向。激光测距仪的定位精度主要受俯仰角和侧摆角的影响,由于失重、热交变、微振动等外界环境的影响以及激光器发射激光束存在自身抖动,星载激光测距仪的激光出射方向是不断变化的。为实现高精度地面目标定位,满足大比例尺测绘需求,需要对激光出射方向进行精确测量。文章提出了一种基于足印记录相机的激光测距仪姿态确定方法,该方法采用足印记录相机、地相机图像联合处理的技术,解决了激光测距仪姿态角和激光指向高精度确定问题。通过误差分析,该方法能够满足1︰10 000比例尺定位精度的要求。     

应用网络时间协议的卫星综合测试时间同步系统

针对广域网环境下卫星综合测试系统存在的测试设备之间时间不同步问题,提出应用网络时间协议(NTP)构建卫星综合测试时间同步系统。该系统以NTP作为时间同步协议,以GPS或"北斗"导航设备终端作为高精度时间源,以用户数据包协议(UDP)组播形式实现同网段内各测试设备之间的时间同步,以uDP客户机/服务器形式实现跨网段测试设备之间的时间同步。文章提出的时间同步系统,可解决广域网卫星综合测试系统时间不同步问题,也能满足综合测试系统对时间精度的要求。     

一种星箭动态界面力识别方法

为获得卫星与运载火箭界面的动态载荷,提出了采用应变测量的识别方法:沿连接环表面设置测点,每个测点粘贴应变花测量该处应变,由升空过程中采集到的应变信号经理论分析即可辨识界面力。仿真分析证明,该方法对星箭界面动态载荷幅值的识别误差可达20%以下,能够满足工程需求,可对未来卫星力学环境识别的工程应用提供参考。     

Multiobjective genetic optimization of Earth–Moon trajectories in the restricted four-body problem

In this paper, optimal trajectories of a spacecraft traveling from Earth to Moon using impulsive maneuvers (ΔV maneuvers) are investigated. The total flight time and the summation of impulsive maneuvers ΔV are the objective functions to be minimized. The main celestial bodies influencing the motion of the spacecraft in this journey are Sun, Earth and Moon. Therefore, a three-dimensional restricted four-body problem (R4BP) model is utilized to represent the motion of the spacecraft in the gravitational field of these celestial bodies. The total ΔV of the maneuvers is minimized by eliminating the ΔV required for capturing the spacecraft by Moon. In this regard, only a mid-course impulsive maneuver is utilized for Moon ballistic capture. To achieve such trajectories, the optimization problem is parameterized with respect to the orbital elements of the ballistic capture orbits around Moon, the arrival date and a mid-course maneuver time. The equations of motion are solved backward in time with three impulsive maneuvers up to a specified low Earth parking orbit. The results show high potential and capability of this type of parameterization in finding several Pareto-optimal trajectories. Using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with crowding distance sorting (NSGA-II) for the resulting multiobjective optimization problem, several trajectories are discovered. The resulting trajectories of the presented scheme permit alternative trade-off studies by designers incorporating higher level information and mission priorities.     

Solar proton events recorded in the stratosphere during cosmic ray balloon observations in 1957–2008

Long-term balloon observations have been performed by the Lebedev Physical Institute since 1957 up to the present time. The observations are taken several times a week at the polar and mid latitudes and allow us to study dynamics of galactic and solar cosmic ray as well as secondary particle fluxes in the atmosphere and in the near-Earth space. Solar energetic particles (120) – mostly protons – (SEP) events with >100 MeV proton intensity above 1 cm⁻² s⁻¹ s⁻¹ were recorded during 1958–2006. Before the advent of the SEP monitoring on spacecraft these results constituted the only homogeneous series of >100 MeV SEP events. The SEP intensities and energy spectra inferred from the Lebedev Physical Institute observations are consistent with the results taken in the adjacent energy intervals by the spacecraft and neutron monitors. Joint consideration of the SEP events series recorded by balloons and by neutron monitors during solar cycles 20–23 makes it possible to restore the probable number of events in solar cycle 19, which was not properly covered by observations. Some correlation was found between duration of SEP event production in a solar cycle and sunspot cycle characteristics.     

基于RBF神经网络的自适应PID星钟热控制

星钟的频率稳定性决定了星钟提供时间信息的精度,而频率稳定性取决于星钟物理核心温度的稳定程度.基于RBF神经网络逼近星钟热模型,设计自适应PID控制方法实现星钟物理核心的温度控制.仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

基于均匀设计的空间目标监视卫星覆盖能力仿真分析

将均匀设计方法应用到空间目标监视卫星覆盖能力仿真分析中是一种有益的尝试。在本文中,提出了利用均匀设计方法安排试验、STK仿真软件模拟试验的研究思路,能够更简单、更省时地分析空间目标监视卫星覆盖能力指标与各影响因素之间的关系。通过回归分析与规划求解得到最好的覆盖能力指标及各因素配置方案,对空间目标监视卫星覆盖能力的提高、轨道部署的优化和应用的拓展很有裨益。