竖直楔形流道的单气泡上升过程的实验研究

通过实验对竖直楔形流道内单气泡上升过程的行为特性进行了研究。利用高速摄影设备和计算机图像处理技术准确地追踪了气泡上升过程中运动轨迹和形态的变化。通过对气泡上升过程中旋转角、瞬时速度、瞬时加速度等参数的分析,找到了楔形流道内气泡上升过程的运动规律,并且通过推导获得了气泡上升过程中拽力系数的计算公式。     

ARJ21复杂双曲面长桁零件弯扭复合冷成型方法

通过对零件几何特征和计算机辅助软件的分析，在掌握零件变化规律的基础上，确定了零件的成型方法，以及实验确定成型过程中各参数值。     

计算域大小对大涡模拟计算结果的影响

为了节省计算资源,提升计算效率,在保证计算结果准确的前提下,尽可能选取较小的计算域显得尤为重要。针对该问题,分别沿槽道的展向和流向选取不同的计算尺度(053πδ×2δ×0177πδ、πδ×2δ×05πδ、2πδ×2δ×πδ、3πδ×2δ×15πδ,δ为槽高的一半),在相同的计算条件且设置均满足大涡模拟计算要求的前提下,对摩擦雷诺数为540和930两种摩擦雷诺数下计算域大小对大涡模拟数值计算结果的影响进行了研究。结果发现:计算尺度不小于2πδ×2δ×πδ的计算域能很好的呈现湍流计算结果。此外,在摩擦雷诺数为930时,相同计算域下所能检测的范围均有所提升,得到的计算结果更加准确。     

A New Exposed-terminal-free MAC Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Networks

This article presents a new multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol to solve the exposed-terminal (ET) problem for efficient channel sharing in multi-hop wireless networks. It uses request-to-send and clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) dialogue on a common channel and flexibly opts for conflict-free traffic channels to carry out the data packet transmission on the basis of a new channel selection scheme. The acknowledgment (ACK) packet for the data packet transmission is sent back to the sender over another common channel thus completely eliminating the exposed-terminal effects. Any adjacent communication pair can take full advantage of multiple traffic channels without collision and the spatial reuse of the same channel is extended to other communication pairs which are even within 2 hops from them. In addition, the hidden-terminal effect is also considerably reduced because most of possible packet collisions on a single channel are avoided due to traffic load balance on multichannels. Finally, a performance comparison is made between the proposed protocol and other typical MAC protocols. Simulation results evidence its obvious superiority to the MAC protocols associated with other channel selection schemes and traditional ACK transmission scheme as well as cooperative asynchronous multichannel MAC (CAM-MAC) protocol in terms of four performance indices: total channel utilization, average channel utilization, average packet delay, and packet dropping rate.     

Dynamics and autopilot design for endoatmospheric interceptors with dual control systems

The nonlinear system model of an endoatmospheric missile whose attitude is controlled by tail fins and reaction jets is presented. By choosing the divert accelerations and rotational rates as output variables, the internal dynamics of the nonlinear system are derived and are proved to be bounded under a bounded input. The blending principle of the reaction jets and tail fins is addressed to ensure that the normal acceleration is principally maintained by angle-of-attack or sideslip angle. An autopilot is designed by using the feedback linearization technique. Results of a numerical simulation of an autopilot design example show the effectiveness of the proposed blending principle and the autopilot design.     

Molecular analysis of the graviperception signal transduction in the flagellate Euglena gracilis: Involvement of a transient receptor potential-like channel and a calmodulin

Euglena gracilis, a unicellular, photosynthetic flagellate is a model system for environmentally controlled behavior responses. The organism shows pronounced negative gravitaxis. This movement is based on physiological mechanisms, which in the past had been only indirectly assessed. It was shown that mechano-sensitive calcium channels are involved in the gravitaxis response. Recent studies have demonstrated that members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family function as mechano-sensitive channels in several different cell types. We have sequenced part of a TRP gene in Euglena and applied RNA interference (RNAi) to confirm that these channels are involved in graviperception. It was found that RNAi against the putative TRP channel abolished gravitaxis. The genes of three calmodulins were sequences in Euglena, one of which was previously known in its protein structure (cal 1). The other two were unknown (cal 2 and cal 3). Cal 2 has been analyzed in detail. The biosynthesis of the corresponding proteins of cal 1 and cal 2 was inhibited by means of RNA interference to see whether this blockage impairs gravitaxis. RNAi of cal 1 leads to a long-term loss of free swimming in the cells (while euglenoid movement persists). It induced pronounced cell form aberrations and the division of cells was hampered. After recovery from RNAi the cell showed precise negative gravitaxis again. Thus cal 1 does not seem to be involved in gravitaxis. In contrast, the blockage of cal 2 has no pronounced influence on motility and cell form but leads to a complete loss of gravitactic orientation for more than 30 days showing that this calmodulin is an element in the signal transduction chain. The data are discussed in the context of the current model of the gravitaxis signal transduction chain in Euglena gracilis.     

光滑通道内格栅湍流特性实验

为了更好地模拟实际涡轮叶片内冷通道的流动换热,采用格栅对光滑通道内湍流度进行控制。并通过实验的方法对不同格栅尺寸激发的湍流度进行测量。实验中,在边长为80mm×80mm的方形通道中,放置了3种不同尺寸的格栅,利用热线风速仪,得到了通道雷诺数为5000~30000范围内的格栅后下游湍流特性。研究发现:流体通过该格栅后,气流在流经格栅后较短距离内就获得了4.5%的湍流度,同时湍流度沿程呈现衰减趋势,雷诺数对湍流度的影响较小。湍流积分时间尺度与雷诺数呈负相关的关系。      

并联TBCC可调进气道并联方案

对并联涡轮基组合循环(TBCC)可调进气道并联方案进行了归纳分析,提出了一种分类方法和两种并联方案。对4种典型并联方案在马赫数为2.5的模态转换工况进行了稳态仿真分析。结果表明:后开纯内并联方案在模态转换过程中总流量变化很小,其余3种的总流量系数随着涡轮通道的关闭都是逐渐减小的,涡轮通道流量系数逐渐降低,冲压通道升高。4种方案冲压通道流量系数在模态转换过程中均是逐渐升高的,后开纯内并联方案具有最低的冲压通道平均流量系数,变化幅度最大,其余3种方案变化幅度均较小。前开纯外并联和混合式内并联两种方案的涡轮通道出口总压恢复在模态转换过程中呈减小趋势,另外两种方案的总压恢复呈略微增大趋势,其中前开纯外并联平均总压恢复最低,而混合式内并联方案的平均总压恢复最高。      

肋的几何参数对网格式肋化通道的传热与总压损失特性的影响

通过10个实验模型研究了肋宽与肋间距之比t/p以及肋宽与肋高之比t/e对网格式肋化通道的换热与总压损失的影响。实验模型分为两组:第一组5个45/45模型是由两块肋向角分别为45°与-45°的肋化板形成的;第二组5个45/60模型是由肋向角分别为45°和-60°的两块肋化板形成的。模型的t/e分别为0.25,0.30,0.50,t/p分别为0.25,0.33,0.50。在雷诺数为0.5×105～1.5×105时,t/e=0.30与t/p=0.50的模型换热效果最好,但同时压损也最大。45/45模型与45/60模型的换热效果没有明显的区别,但后者的压损却是前者的近两倍。根据实验数据拟合得到了有关参数的准则关系式。      

双脉冲固体火箭发动机二次点火内视研究

利用Ｘ射线高速实时荧屏分析（ＲＴＲ）技术对双脉冲固体火箭发动机的二次点火过程进行了内视研究。通过对ＲＴＲ图像的分析,弄清了隔板的打开模式以及塞子在一级燃烧室中的运动规律,运用图像处理技术还获得了塞子飞出隔板后的平均速度及塞子与喷管碰撞后的反弹速度,这些结果为这种新型发动机的设计提供了实验依据。