基于量子行为鸽群优化的无人机紧密编队控制

随着军事、民用需求的提高和相关领域的技术推动,无人机编队协同作业已成为当今人们逐渐关注的焦点。无人机紧密编队是指无人机间侧向距离在1~2倍翼展内的编队,因其可有效改善编队中无人机的气动性能而备受瞩目。基于无人机紧密编队条件下的气动耦合效应,建立三维空间下的状态空间方程描述双机相对运动,并推导了紧密编队条件下的双机最优编队构型,在此构型下将人工势场法和编队控制相结合作为控制系统中的间接控制环,并针对基本鸽群优化算法的寻优缺陷利用量子行为规则对其进行改进,将改进后的鸽群优化算法和无人机控制量结合作为控制系统中的直接控制环,最后通过仿真对比验证了此控制系统对于紧密编队控制的有效性。     

结冰风洞中液滴相变效应数值模拟

为明晰结冰风洞中液滴相变效应,发展了基于Euler法的气液两相传质传热耦合流动计算方法,探索了3 m×2 m结冰风洞主试验段构型相变效应对液滴传热过程的影响,开展了参数影响研究,评估了试验段内液滴过冷状态。结果表明：构型内液滴经历了先蒸发后凝结两个阶段,蒸发效应促进了准一维传热阶段液滴温度的下降趋势,使液滴温度趋于湿球温度,而凝结效应则抑制了三维收缩阶段液滴温度的下降趋势,进而增大了试验段液气温差,影响液滴过冷状态;增大初始相对湿度和试验段气流速度,会导致蒸发效应减弱而凝结效应增强,进而增强了相对湿度和气流速度对液滴过冷状态的影响程度,与此相反,初始液滴尺寸的增加,则会导致蒸发效应和凝结效应均减弱,进而减弱了液滴尺寸对液滴过冷状态的影响程度;在典型工况下,小尺寸液滴（液滴直径范围为40~100 μm）在高风速时（试验段气流速度大于164 m/s）将偏离过冷状态（液气温差超过3℃）。     

煤油液滴高压蒸发特性

采用真实流体模型描述高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,并采用状态方程（EoS）法计算多组分高压气-液相平衡及环境气体溶解性,在此基础上建立包含亚临界和超临界两种不同机制的瞬态液滴高压蒸发模型。针对中国新一代高压补燃液氧/煤油发动机,详细研究了煤油液滴在超临界环境下的高压蒸发特性及各因素影响机理。结果表明：高压环境会显著加快液滴温升速率,但弱超临界环境下仍然为相平衡控制的亚临界蒸发状态;只有强超临界环境下才较容易发生扩散控制的超临界蒸发状态。在高压、高温环境下,忽略气相溶解性将导致液滴蒸发速率明显偏小。针对弱超临界环境,温度升高会使液滴蒸发速率单调增加;压力升高则在低温下降低蒸发速率,而在高温下加快蒸发速率。针对强超临界环境,温度升高只提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,而超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率与环境温度无关;压力升高则同样会提升初始亚临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,但会降低超临界蒸发阶段的蒸发速率,此时的总蒸发寿命随压力升高小幅下降。     

Effects of yaw-roll coupling ratio on lateral-directional aerodynamic characteristics

Experimental investigation of large amplitude yaw-roll coupled oscillations was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel using an aircraft configuration model. A special test rig was designed and constructed to provide different coupled motions from low to high angles of attack.A parameter ‘‘coupling ratio" was introduced to indicate the extent of yaw-roll coupling. At each pitch angle, seven coupling ratios were designed to study the yaw-roll coupling effects on the lateraldirectional aerodynamic characteristics systematically. At high angles of attack, the damping characteristics of yawing and rolling moments drastically varied with coupling ratios. In the coupled motions with the rotation taking place about the wind axis, the lateral-directional aerodynamic moments exhibited unsteady characteristics and were different from the ‘‘quasi-steady" results of the rotary balance tests. The calculated results of the traditional aerodynamic derivative method were also compared with the experimental data. At low and very high angles of attack, the aerodynamic derivative method was applicative. However, within a wide range of angles of attack, the calculated results of aerodynamic derivative method were inconsistent with the experimental data, due to the drastic changes of damping characteristics of lateral-directional aerodynamic moments with yaw-roll coupling ratios.     

大展弦比机翼型架外形优化方法探究

大展弦比飞机一般针对巡航外形设计,以巡航性能作为设计点,而飞机在实际飞行过程中,其气动特性会由于机翼产生弹性变形而变化。文中通过开展大展弦比飞机CFD/CSD耦合方法,对巡航外形进行多次静气动弹性分析,进行位移比对,进而获得满足要求的型架外形,从而初步得到机翼型架外形优化设计方法,为之后的大展弦比飞机气动结构设计一体化打下基础。     

平均应力对30CrMnSiA钢多轴疲劳失效的影响

对30CrMnSiA高强钢实心圆棒试件进行了存在平均应力及相位差下拉-扭复合加载的多轴高周疲劳试验,对不同平均应力及相位差下的试验数据、平面应力特点进行了分析和研究。试验结果表明,对于不存在平均应力的情况,随着相位差的增大,疲劳寿命逐渐增大。对于存在平均应力的情况,无论是平均拉伸应力还是平均切应力,随着相位差的增大,疲劳寿命逐渐减小。采用最大切应力幅平面上的切应力幅与最大正应力线性组合的准则进行寿命预测发现,对于某些试验情况,随着平均应力的增大,试验寿命与预测寿命变化规律相反。此外,通过测量试件初始起裂的角度并与最大切应力幅平面对比发现,多轴加载下的30CrMnSiA高强钢初始裂纹起裂方向接近最大切应力幅平面。最后通过应力分析说明了采用最大切应力幅平面上的切应力幅与最大正应力线性组合的准则存在的缺陷。      

YE4系列超超高效率三相异步电动机效率验证的研究

IE4超超高效率为国际电工委员会发布的IEC 60034-30-1:2014标准中电动机的最高效率等级。采用B法——测量输入-输出功率的损耗分析法对YE4系列(IP55)三相异步电动机的各大损耗的精准测试,以及采用不同降耗设计措施所达效果等进行了实际验证,确保了全系列电机达到了IE4效率等级规定。YE4系列产品的成功开发及推广应用,将对进一步推进我国节能减排政策的落实做出重要的贡献。     

“汽电双驱”系统电机瞬态性能仿真研究

以上海电机厂有限公司“汽电双驱”项目中三相异步电动机/发电机为依据,基于以Ansoft软件,利用场路耦合法对系统中异步电机的瞬态性能进行分析。该电机为6 800 kW,750 r/min。针对其3种不同的工况,即空载起动、风机负载起动、大负载起动,分别进行分析计算,模拟系统中电机由电动机状态切换成发电机状态的过程,获得该三相异步电机在不同状态下的瞬时起动电流、电磁转矩、气隙磁密等电气参数,进而分析该异步电机的瞬态性能和相应的电磁场分布。     

基于覆盖圆的太阳同步回归轨道卫星目标轨迹调整方法

遥感卫星星座在环境监测、地理测绘等领域运用中,需要考虑目标轨迹分布的优化问题.轨迹分布与星座的重访能力和进出站间隔保持等应用需求密切相关.目前对星下点轨迹分布的优化和调整还缺乏准确实用的方法,存在卫星数目增多带来的计算量增加问题和对多种需求综合考虑不够的问题.为了克服现有技术的不足,解决太阳同步回归轨道遥感卫星星座的目...     

Ionospheric F2-Layer critical frequency retrieved from COSMIC radio occultation: A statistical comparison with measurements from a meridional ionosonde chain over Southeast Asia

In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.