考虑驾驶仪动态性能的指令滤波反演制导律

针对攻击机动目标的制导问题,设计了一种考虑自动驾驶仪性能、输入项约束的指令滤波反演制导律。首先,基于三维空间内弹目相对运动模型,采用反演递推方式设计制导律。针对传统反演控制存在的"微分膨胀"问题,引入指令滤波器对虚拟量进行过滤计算。考虑硬件计算能力的约束,引入自动驾驶仪二阶动力学模型减少控制过程延迟,并利用饱和函数和低通滤波器对输入项进行约束。此外,针对机动目标设计了一种扩张状态观测器来获取其加速度。通过Lyapunov理论证明了所设计闭环制导系统的稳定性。通过仿真实验验证了该制导律相有效性及优越性。     

基于自适应观测器的非线性系统故障诊断

研究一类非线性系统执行器故障诊断问题。对于故障系统,建立一种自适应观测器,通过在线调整,故障后执行器的未知参数被在线逼近。所提出的自适应调整律能够保证观测器稳定及故障估计误差收敛。最后引入卫星反作用飞轮模型,对单飞轮发生故障的情况进行了仿真,结果表明提出的方法有效、可行。     

基于扩张状态观测器的导弹滑模制导律

针对导弹拦截机动目标的问题,基于扩张状态观测器(ESO,Extended State Observer)设计了一种全新的导弹滑模制导律.考虑拦截时的弹目相对运动关系,通过ESO对目标加速度进行实时的观测和动态补偿,有效地解决了导弹拦截末端所需过载过大的问题,使导弹能够以更小的脱靶量拦截目标.同时在仿真中考虑自动驾驶仪的二阶动态特性,分别以不同的初始航迹角对周期性机动目标和非周期性机动目标进行拦截打击仿真,并与基于有限时间收敛理论提出的滑模制导律对迎击拦截、追击拦截和前向拦截3种方式进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明了基于ESO的滑模制导律在拦截末制导过程中的鲁棒性和优越性.      

Fixed-time position coordinated tracking control for spacecraft formation flying with collision avoidance

In this paper, the fixed-time stability of spacecraft formation reconfiguration (position tracking) is studied. Firstly, a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed and based on which a fixed-time coordinated controller is designed to keep the closed-loop system states have a finite settling time bounded by some predefined constants. Secondly, another nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface is designed by combining the artificial potential function and the aforementioned sliding surface, which meets the mutual distance constraint during transition process among spacecraft when it is bounded. Then another coordinated controller with fixed-time observer considering mutual distance constraint is presented, which guarantees the closed-loop system states stable also in bounded settling time. Finally, simulation results are shown to validate the correctness of the proposed theorems. It is worth mentioning that the control schemes also work even though there is a properly limit on the control input.     

基于非线性观测器的非合作目标姿态跟踪控制

非合作目标的姿态角速度、角加速度未知,给在轨服务航天器跟踪非合作目标姿态的控制器设计带来挑战.为解决这一问题,设计了一种非线性观测器,该观测器能够估计出非合作目标状态,然后构造了基于非线性观测器的姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的一致渐近稳定性.仿真结果表明,设计的方法不仅能够实现非合作目标的状态估计,而且实现了对非合作目标姿态的跟踪.     

过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制

针对四反作用飞轮配置的刚体航天器执行机构故障以及外部干扰等问题,提出一种姿态容错控制分配算法。该方法通过设计滑模观测器,实现在有限时间内对执行机构故障与外部干扰的精确重构;特别地,应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器能够在有限时间内实现对闭环姿态的全局渐近稳定控制,且该控制策略可实现对反作用飞轮故障与外部干扰的鲁棒性。此外,采用计算量较小的基序最优控制分配方法快速实现了期望控制力矩到四反作用飞轮指令控制力矩分配。最后,针对某型号航天器以及各种反作用飞轮故障进行数值仿真,仿真结果表明所设计过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制方法能够在线、及时、精准地完成故障重构与控制分配。     

飞行器再入段最优自适应积分滑模姿态控制

针对飞行器再入段的姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种最优自适应积分滑模控制(Optimal Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control, OAISMC)方法。首先针对飞行器的标称模型设计了基于状态相依黎卡提方程(State Dependent Riccati Equation, SDRE)的姿态控制器,使标称系统的性能满足提出的最优指标。然后,考虑系统的不确定性和外部干扰,在SDRE标称控制器的基础上设计积分滑模姿态控制方法,使系统在满足性能指标要求的同时,对不确定性和干扰具有鲁棒性。进一步采用自适应方法调整切换增益,避免了对复合干扰上界的先验要求,并引入滑模干扰观测器提高系统的性能。最后,仿真结果表明,在考虑外部干扰以及气动系数和大气密度摄动的情况下,本文设计的控制方法不仅能够实现姿态跟踪、满足设计的性能指标,而且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Study of mid-latitude ionospheric convection during quiet and disturbed periods using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar

Westward ionospheric convective flows around midnight are frequently observed at mid-latitudes. They can be generated by so-called disturbance dynamo mechanisms working mainly in the mid-latitudes. To understand the influence of disturbance dynamo effects in the mid-latitudes, we studied the latitudinal distribution of westward flows in association with several kinds of geomagnetic disturbances using the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar. This radar creates high temporal resolution (1 s to 2 min), two-dimensional observations measuring the line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric plasma irregularities, which can be regarded as line-of-sight velocities of ionospheric convection in the mid-latitude region from 40° to 50°. This region could not be monitored using preexisting SuperDARN radars. In this study, we used ionospheric echo data obtained by the SuperDARN Hokkaido radar over 5 years (December 2006 to November 2011). We identified westward flows around midnight at about 40° to 55° geomagnetic latitude. Additionally, the data showed that the westward flow around midnight intensified under high geomagnetic activity (high Kp). This suggests that the disturbance dynamo could affect the mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We performed Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) to study the influences from the geomagnetic disturbances on mid-latitude ionospheric convection. We found no obvious influence during major storms (minimum Dst below −60 nT). SEA was also used to study the temporal and latitudinal dependence on the influences from substorms. From analysis of 36 events of AL-defined substorms, we saw that the influence of substorms lasted from 5 to 20 h after the onset between 44° and 53° geomagnetic latitude. The westward flow at mid-latitude grew to a maximum at 12 h after the geomagnetic substorm onset. This is consistent with the results of past numerical simulation studies of the disturbance dynamo effects.     

基于滑模微分器的吸气式高超声速飞行器鲁棒反演控制

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器气动\推进\结构弹性耦合运动学模型,提出了一种基于滑模微分器的鲁棒反演控制器设计方法。分别采用反演和动态逆方法设计虚拟控制量和实际控制量。引入滑模微分器来精确估计虚拟控制量的导数,避免了传统反演控制方法"微分项膨胀"问题。基于滑模微分器,设计了一种非线性干扰观测器,可对模型不确定项进行精确估计和补偿,从而增强了控制器的鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,该控制器对模型不确定性和气动弹性影响具有较强的鲁棒性,且能实现对速度指令和高度指令很好的跟踪效果。     

低成本动中通姿态估计算法

针对低成本微机电惯性测量单元无法满足宽带移动卫星通信系统姿态估计精度的问题,提出了以单基线GPS为辅助敏感器的改进型非线性观测器姿态估计算法。与经典观测器相比,改进算法利用观测器估计姿态代替加速度计估计姿态计算北向矢量的观测矢量,有效解决了加速度计精度与单基线GPS精度不匹配的问题。在单基线GPS不能正常工作的状态下,设计了状态判断开关,成功减少了载体机动加速度对估计结果的影响。试验结果表明：在单基线GPS一直正常工作的条件下,设计的改进非线性观测器的姿态估计精度达到±0.5°;在单基线GPS不能一直正常工作的情况下,在GPS可见弧段其姿态估计精度也达到±0.5°,均优于传统非线性观测器,满足低成本动中通要求。