Exploring for natural gas using reflectance spectra of surface soils

Reflectance spectra in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths provide a rapid and inexpensive means for determining the mineralogy of samples and obtaining information on chemical composition. Hydrocarbon microseepage theory establishes a cause-and-effect relation between oil and gas reservoirs and some special surface anomalies, which mainly include surface hydrocarbon microseepage and related alterations. Therefore, we can explore for oil, gas by determining reflectance spectra of surface anomalies. This idea has been applied to the R&D project of exploring for natural gas in Qinghai province of China using NASA EO-1 satellite with the Hyperion sensor (June 2005 to June 2006). In this project, in order to improve the accuracy of exploration targets of natural gas mapped in the field studied, an integrated practical system of exploration of oil and gas was built by the analysis of not only hyperspectral remote sensing data but also data provided from field work. In this paper, our efforts were focused on the analysis of the 799 reflectance spectra provided from the field work. In order to properly define the typical form of hydrocarbon microseepage with spectroscopy and fulfill the data analysis, it was necessary to build a spectral model. In this spectral model the most important features of hydrocarbon microseepage in the surface of our study area, i.e., diagnostic spectral macroscopic features and diagnostic spectral absorption features, were proposed and extracted, respectively. The distribution of coexisting anomalies, which results from both alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, is estimated by the diagnostic macroscopic features mainly using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) classifier. On the other hand, the diagnostic absorption features of two main absorption bands presented abundant local information, based on deep analysis of which, we are able to map the anomalies of alteration minerals and hydrocarbons, respectively. Additionally, a general framework of analysis and key classification algorithms applied to the Hyperion data have been introduced briefly. In our work, three exploration targets of natural gas were identified from the study area which covers 2100 km². In the three exploration targets, three wildcats have been drilled by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) since July 2006, and all the three wells have been proven some industrial reserves.     

Progress for Spaceborne Microwave Remote Sensing in China

In this paper,technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is intro-duced.New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for meteorological satellite FY-3,ocean dynamic measurement satellite(HY-2),environment small SAR satellite(HJ-1C) and China's lunar exploration satellite(Chang'E-1),geostationary orbit meteorological satellite FY-4M,are reported.      

An introduction of mountain-based GPS radio occultation experiments in China

The mountain-based GPS radio occultation is a novel approach to lower atmospheric profiling. The experiments of the mountain-based GPS radio occultation were conducted on the top of Mt. Yaogu (29.38°N, 113.68°E, ∼1240 m) on December 17, 2003, and on the top of Mt. Jiugong (29.39°N, 114.65°E, ∼1550 m) on July 24, 2004. Based on these observation data, the scientific data processing software has been developed and is used to retrieve successfully the atmospheric refractivity profiles. The validation experiment was performed on the top of Mt. Wuling (40.60°N, 117.48°E, ∼2118 m) during August 1–29, 2005. Collocated automatic weather station and the radiosondes nearby were operated simultaneously for the comparison campaign. Results show that the radio occultation technique obtained about 40 profiles every day with the receiver antenna pointing to the south. Comparisons show that the refractivity measured by occultation agree well with those by the radiosondes, but not well with those by the automatic weather station due to their much different geographic locations of measurements. Results of these experiments suggest that the mountain-based GPS radio occultation is an economic reliable novel technique monitoring temporal and spatial variations of local lower atmospheric environments.     

改进独立成分分析在高光谱图像分类中的应用

针对独立成分分析在使用常规数值求解时容易陷入局部最优解的问题,以及采用神经学习算法时神经元激活函数的限制问题,将遗传算法与独立成分分析相结合,并对模型进行改进,提出了适合于高光谱数据无监督分类的模型.该算法采用最大化非高斯性进行成分的统计独立性度量,利用四阶累积量-峰度作为遗传算法的适应度函数.在应用分析中,将该算法应用于推扫式高光谱成像仪(PHI,Push-broom Hyperspectral technique Imager)数据地物分类能够获得全局最优解,在没有先验信息情况下实现地物的精细分类;与传统高光谱无监督分类算法比较,表明该算法的适用性,并具有更高的分类精度和准确性.      

珠海市森林绿地遥感动态监测与驱动力分析

随着城市的发展,城市森林绿地对于提高人类生活环境的品质,发挥着越来越重要的作用。以珠海市为研究区域,应用1995年Landsat5的TM数据、2002年Landsat7的ETM数据、2009年CBERS-02B的CCD与HR数据为主体信息源,通过植被覆盖度指数与三种不同信息提取手段相结合的方法,对珠海市森林绿地的动态变化进行了遥感监测,然后对其变化结果进行了驱动力分析。结果表明：珠海市从1995年到2002年森林面积呈减少趋势,2002年到2009年森林面积又呈增加趋势,从1995年到2009年森林面积总体呈微减趋势。最后将自然驱动力与人为驱动力进行对比分析,人为驱动力是珠海市森林绿地的变化的主导因素。     

晨昏时段大气辐射对成像有效信噪比的影响

从成像有效信噪比的角度出发,利用MODTRAN辐射传输软件,分析计算了晨昏时段大气辐射的分布特点及其对成像的潜在影响。结果表明选择近红外成像谱段,可有效抑制大气背景辐射,实现晨昏时段一定观测倾角下的目标探测能力。     

光学遥感器微晶玻璃镜头组件空间低温模拟试验技术

文章介绍了光学遥感器微晶玻璃镜头组件在空间环境下的低温模拟试验技术与试验方法。分别从试验设备的开发、试验技术指标的实现进行了分析和阐述;对关键参数进行了详细的计算;重点解决了低温实现过程中的低温传导、低温辐射下试件温度水平的控制问题,为空间低温热试验提供了具有参考价值的新型手段。     

资源卫星数据地面存储管理系统的设计与实现

MVC(Model-View-Controller)软件设计模式是目前广泛流行的软件设计模式之一。它将数据表示、流程控制和数据处理进行分离。通过采用MVC模式,可以简化软件开发,提高软件的伸缩性、扩展性和可维护性,达到提高软件质量的目的。结合面向对象的MVC软件设计模式和资源卫星数据的特点,文章提出并阐述了一种基于MVC模式的资源卫星产品数据地面存储管理系统的设计方法。该设计方法已应用于资源卫星地面系统的工程建设中。目前该业务系统运行稳定,证明了基于MVC模式的资源卫星数据地面存储管理系统设计合理、可行。     

商用高分辨率光学遥感卫星及平台技术分析

调研了国外近十年发射的商用高分辨率光学遥感卫星,较为全面、详细地对比了欧美典型的商业光学遥感卫星的技术性能、指标,总结了其发展思路,并对其卫星及平台技术的发展进行了分析,提出了我国该领域技术发展的建议。     

满足航电通信系统要求的ACE-MBI设计

多路传输总线通信接口(MBI)是航空电子系统的通信基石,航空电子系统的任一分系统都要通过MBI才能进入1553B通信系统中.在MBI中最关键的器件是1553B协议芯片.本文详述了采用BU-61586芯片设计的与型号任务使用的UT-MBI兼容的新MBI的设计方案.