发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥技术

介绍了发动机动力模拟风洞试验中的空气桥设计技术和影响修正方法.通过自由度分析,选择了合理空气桥布局,采用有限元方法对空气桥关键受力梁进行了优化,建立了空气桥天平一体化数值模拟技术,使得空气桥和天平刚度更加匹配.通过这些设计及优化使得空气桥的作用力最小,并具有较强的克服压力影响、温度影响的能力.通过试验建立了空气桥附加刚度影响、内部压力影响、温度影响和内部流量影响的修正方法,进一步减小了空气桥对天平的影响.在8m×6m低速风洞进行了某大展弦比飞机全模涡扇动力模拟器(TPS)短舱动力模拟试验.试验结果重复性好,阻力系数精度达到0.0003,和相关文献吻合.这表明空气桥技术是成功的,满足了TPS短舱动力模拟试验要求.      

基于EFFD方法的自然层流短舱优化设计

采用extended free-form deformation(EFFD)方法研究了自然层流(natural laminar flow,NLF)短舱的气动外形优化设计方法.使用基于Bernstein基函数的EFFD方法完成了NLF短舱剖面的参数化,利用基于k-εSST(shear stress transport)两方程湍流模型的γ-θ转捩模型进行自然转捩预测,结合EFFD、一种混合动网格方法、Kriging代理模型和改进的粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)建立了针对NLF短舱气动外形的优化设计框架.采用该框架分别对通气NLF短舱和带动力NLF短舱进行优化设计.单独通气NLF短舱优化结果的外表面实现48%的层流,阻力系数比初始通气NLF短舱减小了0.0003.带动力NLF短舱的优化结果外表面保持了41%的层流.这些结果表明采用相关技术建立的优化设计框架在NLF短舱设计中具有一定应用价值.     

Multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for emission and cost reductions

Pollutant gases emitted from the civil jet are doing more and more harm to the environ- ment with the rapid development of the global commercial aviation transport. Low environmental impact has become a new requirement for aircraft design. In this paper, estimation method for emis- sion in aircraft conceptual design stage is improved based on the International Civil Aviation Orga- nization （ICAO） aircraft engine emissions databank and the polynomial curve fitting methods. The greenhouse gas emission （CO2 equivalent） per seat per kilometer is proposed to measure the emis- sions. An approximate sensitive analysis and a multi-objective optimization of aircraft design for tradeoff between greenhouse effect and direct operating cost （DOC） are performed with five geom- etry variables of wing configuration and two flight operational parameters. The results indicate that reducing the cruise altitude and Mach number may result in a decrease of the greenhouse effect but an increase of DOC. And the two flight operational parameters have more effects on the emissions than the wing configuration. The Pareto-optimal front shows that a decrease of 29.8% in DOC is attained at the expense of an increase of 10.8% in greenhouse gases.     

弯曲网格上的间断有限元湍流数值解法研究

采用间断有限元方法对雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程进行了数值求解,对Spalart-Allmaras单方程湍流模型进行了部分修正,使得求解器更加鲁棒。构造了分段高次多项式来逼近真实物面,同时物面附近采用多层弯曲网格来避免网格交叉,此外提出了一种快速计算积分点的曲面物面距的方法。采用混合网格对NACA0012翼型以及RAE翼型进行了数值计算,并与实验数据以及前人数据进行了对比。计算结果表明,采用物面弯曲网格结合修正的湍流模型方法在相对稀疏的网格上就能得到比较好的数值解。     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

X射线脉冲星导航硬件脉冲轮廓累积研究

为了在X射线脉冲星地面实验系统仿真源模拟产生X射线的基础上,能够快速稳定地得到脉冲轮廓,采用硬件历元叠加的方法获得脉冲轮廓。研究了用硬件实现历元叠加及其数据整合的算法,该算法首先在MATLAB现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)中实现,再通过MATLAB硬件描述语言(HDL)代码生成模块把算法转换成HDL,经编译后获得配置硬件的Bit文件,最终在开发板FPGA上实现数据处理的硬件模块。一段时间内的光子到达时间数据通过MATLAB算法得到的脉冲轮廓数据与通过硬件模块处理后得到的数据结果存在误差,在单个时间窗口内误差最大值为2个光子数,误差平均值占光子数统计平均值的0.084%;两组统计的脉冲轮廓数据中不同数据占总数据个数的9.481%,这样的误差不影响后端模拟导航模块的导航。利用硬件实现的历元叠加及其数据整合模块具有处理速度快、设备紧凑、功耗低的特点,为航天器利用X射线脉冲星导航提供了一种可行的硬件数据处理技术上的支持。     

存在观测站位置误差的转发式时差无源定位

无源定位中,由于观测站安放在运动平台等原因造成的观测站位置误差会影响无源定位精度性能。另外到达时间差(简称时差)(TDOA)的转发式测量需要将不同观测站截获到的辐射源信号都转发到同一位置,如主观测站。针对这两个问题,提出了基于约束总体最小二乘(CTLS)的无源定位算法。首先将转发式时差的非线性定位方程转化为不需要中间变量的直接线性方程,再基于CTLS算法依次转化为约束优化问题和无约束优化问题,最后推导给出定位近似闭式解。仿真实验表明在观测站误差较大时,该算法与其他算法相比定位精度性能较好。     

基于改进HOG特征的空间非合作目标检测

传统的非合作目标检测方法大都基于一定的匹配模板,这不仅需要预先指定先验信息,进而设计合适的检测模板,而且同一模板只能对具有相似形状的目标进行检测,不易直接用于检测形状未知的非合作目标。为降低检测过程中对目标形状等先验信息的要求,借鉴基于规范化梯度的物体区域估计方法,提出一种基于改进方向梯度直方图特征的目标检测方法,首先构建包含有自然图像和目标图像的训练数据集;然后提取标记区域的改进方向梯度直方图特征,以更好地保持局部特征的结构性,并根据级联支持向量机训练模型,从数据集中自动学习目标物体的判别特征;最后,将训练后的模型用于检测测试集图像中的目标。实验结果表明,算法在由4953幅和100幅图像构成的测试集中分别取得94.5%和94.2%的检测率,平均每幅图像的检测时间约为0.031 s,具有较低的时间开销,且对目标的旋转及光照变化具有一定的鲁棒性。     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

俯仰姿态保持模式下飞机结冰边界保护方法

在研究飞机结冰机翼和平尾失速机理的基础上,以飞机迎角作为关键参数,飞机俯仰指令作为指令参数,提出一种基于飞机自驾仪的结冰后边界保护方法.通过引入铰链力矩检测模块,提前告警飞机失速,为边界保护提供了裕度.建立飞机纵向动力学方程,针对俯仰姿态保持（PAH）模式下机翼失速进行了仿真计算.结果表明:结冰条件下,通过铰链力矩的检测,飞机能在失速迎角为2°之前,进入边界保护模式,增加飞行安全的裕度.通过控制指令的限制,自动驾驶模式下飞机迎角能保持在失速迎角之内.