The update of BDS-2 TGD and its impact on positioning

Timing group delay (TGD) is an important parameter that affects the positioning performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) broadcasts TGD corrections from B3I frequency to B1I and B2I frequencies, namely TGD₁ and TGD₂. On July 21, 2017, BDS updated TGD values with a maximum change of more than 4 ns. In this contribution, we explain the motivation for the BDS TGD update, which is due to the systematic bias between narrowly correlated and widely correlated pseudo-ranges in BDS monitoring receivers. To investigate the impact of the updated TGD, BDS signal-in-space range error (SISRE) and user positioning performance regarding single point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) are analyzed. Results show that after the update of TGD, the difference between the new TGD and multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) differential code bias (DCB) decreases from 1.38 ns to 0.29 ns on TGD₁ and from 0.40 ns to 0.25 ns on TGD₂. With the contribution of more accurate TGD, the systematic bias of BDS radial SISRE no longer exists, and the overall BDS SISRE also reduces from 1.33 m to 0.87 m on B1I/B2I frequency, from 1.05 m to 0.89 m on B1I frequency, from 0.92 m to 0.91 m on B2I frequency, respectively, which proves the similar precision of BDS TGD and MGEX DCB. One week of statistical results from 28 globally distributed MGEX stations shows that the SPP performance improves on non-B3I frequencies after the TGD update, with a maximum improvement of more than 22% for the B1I/B2I or B1I/B3I combination. The new TGD mainly reduces SPP positioning bias in the East component. The updated TGD also slightly improves the PPP convergence performance for the B1I/B3I combination, but mostly contributes to a more accurate estimation of the receiver clock and ambiguities.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of ionospheric disturbances for ground based augmentation systems over a midlatitude region

Forcings from above and below the ionosphere can cause disturbances that need to be detected and corrected for navigation systems. Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS) are used to give corrections to aircraft navigation systems while landing. These systems use regional ionosphere monitoring algorithms to detect the anomalies in the ionosphere. The aim of this study is to understand occurrence of ionosphere anomalies and their trends over Turkey. A comprehensive analysis of spatio-temporal variability of ionosphere is carried out for a midlatitude GPS network using Slant Total Electron Content (STEC). Differential Rate Of TEC (DROT), which is a measure of the amount of deviation of temporal derivative of TEC from its trend, is used to detect and classify the level of such disturbances. The GPS satellite tracks are grouped into north, east, west and over directions. The 24 h is divided into six time intervals. The percentage occurrence of each DROT category and the deviation from STEC trend in magnitude are calculated and grouped into satellite track directions and time intervals for 2010 (low solar activity), 2011 and 2012 (medium solar activity). The highest level of disturbances is observed in north and west directions, and during sunrise and sunset hours. The dominant periods of percentage occurrences are diurnal (22–25 h), semidiurnal (12–13 h) and terdiurnal (8–9 h) followed by quasi two-day and quasi 16-day periods. Disturbances corresponding to 50% < DROT < 70% are mostly visible during low solar activity years with magnitudes from 1 to 2 TECU. Geomagnetic storms can cause aperiodic larger scale disturbances that are mostly correlated with DROT > 70%. In 2012, the magnitude of such disturbances can reach 5 TECU. The anisotropic and dynamic nature of midlatitude ionosphere is reflected in the spatio-temporal and spectral distributions of DROT, and their percentage occurrences. This study serves a basis for future studies about development of a regional ionosphere monitoring for Turkey.     

南极地区电离层总电子含量分布特征的初步探讨

通过对微分多普勒数据处理后得到的电离层总电子含量的分析, 探讨了南极地区总电子含量随纬度的分布变化特征及规律。      

RVDT传感器仿真电路的设计与研究

RVDT(Rotary Variable Differential Transformer)传感器是一种差动式变压器,用于将机械位移信号转换成电信号,具有灵敏度高、线性度好、分辨率高、寿命长及可靠性高等优点,在航空领域有着广泛的应用。由于RVDT传感器的输出信号为差分信号,传统的仪器仪表不能直接模拟RVDT传感器的信号...     

基于累积差分图像和高斯背景统计模型的烟尘目标检测

根据烟尘目标灰度与天空背景灰度很接近,目标内部灰度分布不均匀,且形状和面积会随着时间不停变化等特点,提出了一种由粗到精的目标检测算法。首先,通过累积差分图像序列得到烟尘目标出现的大致区域,再通过构造高斯背景统计模型得到每一个可能目标点的精确分割阈值,用该阈值在上一步操作得到的目标区域内部进行逐帧精细分割,得到烟尘目标出现的位置信息和时间信息。实验结果表明,该方法抗干扰能力强,能够可靠、快速地检测出烟尘目标。     

基于差分相干后积累的伪码信号检测方法优化与分析

差分相干后积累是近年来提出的一种伪码信号检测新方法,其虚警概率存在精确解析式,但较难推导其检测概率的理论公式。文献多是通过不同理论近似方法获得其检测概率,但理论近似存在较大误差,不适用于对参数的优化。本文采用理论模型与数值仿真结合的方法分析差分相干后积累的检测性能,并基于检测损耗最小化准则研究了中频积累时间的优化。此外,还比较了差分相干检测方法与传统非相干检测方法的最优性能,结果表明前者优于后者。     

利用姿态测量数据确定卫星初始轨道

提出了一种利用姿态测量数据确定卫星初始轨道的新方法。姿态确定后,根据卫星姿态与位置函数的关系,可确定位置矢量的方向数。采用三个不同时刻的测量值,根据飞行时间定理和几何约束条件,得到卫星轨道的解析方程。利用微分校正法解方程即可得卫星轨道参数,最后对卫星多种姿态及飞行轨道进行了仿真计算,结果显示迭代算法收敛,证明此方法是可行的。     

PSD用于零位跟踪的研究及应用

介绍了一维PSD的工作原理及特性,提出了一种利用PSD为位置传感器进行零位跟踪的方法,详细阐述了根据该方法设计的高速、高准确度的PSD信号处理电路、软件算法及其中的关键技术,有效地解决了方位角测量系统中远距离垂直传递的难题,并取得了综合角度传递误差小于±10″的测量结果。     

Inner core wobble and free core nutation of pulsar PSR B1828-11

PSR B1828-11 has long-term, highly periodic and correlated variations in pulse shape and a slow-down rate with period variations of approximately 1000, 500 and 250 days [Stairs, I.H., Lyne, A.G., Shemar, S.L. Evidence for free precession in a pulsar. Nature 406, 484–486, 2000]. There are three potential explanations of pulses time-of-arrival from a pulsar. These are related to the interior of the neutron star, planetary bodies, free precession and nutation. We use the Hamiltonian canonical method of Getino (1995) for analyzing the dynamically symmetric pulsar PSR B1828-11, consisting of a rigid crust, elliptical liquid outer core and solid inner core. Using the theory of differential rotation of a pulsar, we investigate the dependence on Chandler wobble period, inner core wobble, retrograde free core nutation and prograde free inner core nutation from ellipticity of the inner crystal core, outer liquid core and total pulsar.