美国社会性管制制度变迁及发展趋势——兼论中国社会性管制制度的完善

美国的社会性管制在1995年之后进入了一个全新的发展时期,呈现出一些新的发展趋势。在近百年的发展过程中,美国社会性管制积累了许多成功经验,这些对于正处于经济转型过程中的中国在积极推进社会性体制改革、提高政府管制效益等方面具有重要的启示意义。     

启发式算法在大飞机设计中的应用综述

主要介绍了神经网络系统、遗传算法、粒子群算法、模拟退火算法、支持向量机几种启发式优化算法(Heuristic Optimization Algorithm,HOA)在大飞机设计领域的发展和应用现状,对比分析了算法在航空工程设计上的优缺点,展望了启发式算法的发展方向,为大飞机设计提供了宝贵的理论和经验。     

韩城区域经济发展的定位与思考

韩城，是我国著名的历史学家司马迁的故乡，是我国历史文化名城。但她仅是一座县级城市，一座小城，其经济状况与历史名城极不适应。韩城要发展，重点是要定好位，并给予政策扶持。要以文化产业为先导，振兴旅游业，带动现有的强势工业的改造和升级，发展特色农业，使韩城真正成为一座文化大市，旅游强市，煤炭、电力、钢铁发达，特色农业鲜明的现代化区域中心城市。     

几何量测量仪器的新进展

就各类产品要求和几何量测量仪器的发展，并结合这一领域近年最新进展举例阐述其发展动向。     

三维表面形貌的功能评定方法

三维表面形貌受生成机理的影响 ,与表面功能密切相关 ,对表面的功能评定至关重要。论述了三维表面功能评定的各种方法 ,如最小二乘多项式拟合、滤波、Motif法和分形方法 ,并分析归纳了存在的问题和发展趋势。     

Connection between winter mesopause region temperatures and diurnal LF reflection height variations measured at Collm

Scale height, H, estimates are calculated from the decrease/increase of ionospheric virtual reflection heights of low-frequency (LF) radio waves at oblique incidence in suitably defined morning intervals around sunrise during winter months. The day-to-day variations of H qualitatively agree with daily mean temperature variations around 90 km from meteor radar measurements. Since mesospheric long-period temperature variations are generally accepted to be the signature of atmospheric planetary waves, this shows that LF reflection height measurements can be used for monitoring the dynamics of the upper middle atmosphere. The long-term variations of monthly mean H estimates have also been analysed. There is no significant trend, which is in agreement with other measurements of mesopause region temperature trends.     

Establishing space industry in developing countries: Opportunities and difficulties

Although it is generally agreed that the outer space should be used for the benefit of all mankind, only a fraction of the countries have the necessary technological base for accessing space. Space technology, with its implications on science, economy and well-being of citizens, is mostly chosen as one of the priority areas for technological development by developing countries. However, there is already an over-capacity in global space industry and there are doubts on necessity of additional capacity establishment by developing countries. In this study, the importance and benefits of capacity-building in these countries are emphasized and the advantages and disadvantages that developing countries have in the framework of space technology acquisition are briefly presented. The feasibility of certain levels of space technology is discussed and the necessity of combining existing indigenous capabilities with technology obtained from foreign sources in the optimal way is stressed. We have also mentioned various general mechanisms of technology transfer and argued the importance of licensing in catching-up developed countries. After considering the necessary conditions of efficiency of technology, such as establishment of regional centers of space science and technology education by United Nations, joint development of space systems, complete technology transfer packages, cooperative space projects within regional organizations, coordinated constellations and special agreements with large space agencies, which are specific mechanisms already in use, are reviewed. Some typical examples of mechanisms are also given with special emphasize on small satellite technology that makes access to space affordable for many countries. Through sharing and analyzing the experience of developing countries in their odyssey of space capacity-building, the difficulties can be negotiated and the vicious circles can be broken. This study, in our view, is a step to incite a general discussion of obstacles and opportunities for developing countries, that could help them in using their limited resources effectively, hence, enable them to offer better conditions to their citizens and to contribute space science to a larger extend.     

军用无人机技术的发展现状及未来趋势

作为一种多用途、低费效比的航空武器装备,军用无人机日益受到世界各国军方的重视.本文分析了现役和即将服役军用无人机的技术水平及应用特点,并对军用无人机的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Behavior of F2-layer parameters and solar activity indices in the 24th cycle

The analysis of the behavior of the critical frequency foF2 during the 24th solar activity cycle (Danilov and Konstantinova, 2020a, c) is prolonged for two more months and the nighttime hours. In addition to the Rz and Ly-α indices used in the aforementioned papers for correction of the F10.7 index during the 24th cycle, the commonly used Mg II index is added. The results confirm the previous conclusions on the existence of the “vague” period with chaotic behavior of foF2 and the recovery of the negative trend in foF2 after 2008–2010. A comparison of the F10.7 index with three other SA indices (Ly-α, Rz, and Mg II) for the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th SA cycles is performed. It is shown that the relationship between F10.7 and other indices is close in the 22nd and 23rd cycles but differs from that in the 24th cycle. The corrected values of F10.7 in the 24th cycle are proposed for analysis of ionospheric trends during that cycle.     

美国导弹防御系统发展及对国际军控影响研究

大力推进导弹防御系统(MD)的研制和部署是美谋求绝对优势的重要举措。系统分析了美国导弹防御系统(BMDS)发展的基本态势和未来走向,以及其对国际军备控制的影响。