磁等离子体推力器工作机理与应用前景研究

研究了发动机能量输入、工质电离、等离子体加速及能量转换过程及机理,同时分析了磁等离子体推力器在空间推进任务中的应用前景.研究表明磁等离子体推力器主要利用电磁力加速和磁喷管的能量转换作用来实现加速,这种方式在大功率条件下,能够获得大推力、高功率和较长工作时间,在大功率轨道航天器和深空任务中有广阔的应用前景.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

A novel wireless light sensing device for planetary and astronomical observations

A novel and versatile wireless light sensing device has been designed and tested for stellar and planetary photometric observations. The device weighing few 10 s of grams finds a number of potential applications in the fields of astronomy and in situ planetary exploration. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using a number of these devices has been deployed to successfully carry out simultaneous photometric observations under different conditions viz. sunlight, twilight, moonlight etc. Observation of a star of known magnitude for flux calibration at low intensity has been carried out by coupling the device to a 1.2 m telescope which demonstrates its sensitivity. A WSN using these devices is further capable of spatio-temporal investigations of sky background intensities. Such a network can also be used to effectively monitor certain astronomical events (lunar eclipse, asteroid occultation etc.) simultaneously from several locations. The capability of the device, level of miniaturization and its versatility makes it a potential tool for many photometric applications.     

深空探测航天器巡航段自主导航方法研究

对深空探测航天器自主导航方法进行了研究。为了应对深空探测中航天器轨道动力学模型的误差，在分光计测量航天器相对于太阳径向速度基础上，引入了小行星的视线矢量测量。通过最小二乘法计算出由小行星视线矢量所得到的位置信息，采用改进的信息融合方法修正扩展卡尔曼滤波中不精确的动力学模型造成的状态估计误差。同时计算了模型的能观度，对模型的可观性进行了分析。最后对算法进行了仿真分析，仿真结果表明，该算法对动力学模型的依赖性明显低于其他算法，在相同模型精度下，可获得更好的滤波精度。     

空间探测磁强计安装部件的力学特性分析

对某深空探测器中的有效载荷-高精度磁强计的安装部件进行了有限元分析,分别获取了磁强计安装部件在升空过程中承受40g加速度冲击载荷以及-180～75℃的极限温度情况下,在x,y,z方向上的最大应力和最大位移,给出了由于磁强计安装部件的变形而导致的三个探头在x,y,z方向上的偏转角度,采用扫频实验法分析了磁强计安装部件的频谱特性,为空间探测磁强计的设计提供了依据.     

A multiple-rendezvous,sample-return mission to two near-Earth asteroids

We propose a dual-rendezvous mission, targeting near-Earth asteroids, including sample-return. The mission, Asteroid Sampling Mission (ASM), consists of two parts: (i) flyby and remote sensing of a Q-type asteroid, and (ii) sampling of a V-type asteroid. The targeted undifferentiated Q-type are found mainly in the near-Earth space, and to this date have not been the target of a space mission. We have chosen, for our sampling target, an asteroid from the basaltic class (V-type), as asteroids in this class exhibit spectral signatures that resemble those of the well-studied Howardite–Eucrite–Diogenite (HED) meteorite suite. With this mission, we expect to answer specific questions about the links between differentiated meteorites and asteroids, as well as gain further insight into the broader issues of early Solar System (SS) evolution and the formation of terrestrial planets. To achieve the mission, we designed a spacecraft with a dry mass of less than 3 tonnes that uses electric propulsion with a solar-electric power supply of 15 kW at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU). The mission includes a series of remote sensing instruments, envisages landing of the whole spacecraft on the sampling target, and employs an innovative sampling mechanism. Launch is foreseen to occur in 2018, as the designed timetable, and the mission would last about 10 years, bringing back a 150 g subsurface sample within a small re-entry capsule. This paper is a work presented at the 2008 Summer School Alpbach,“Sample return from the Moon, asteroids and comets” organized by the Aeronautics and Space Agency of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency. It is co-sponsored by ESA and the national space authorities of its Member and Co-operating States, with the support of the International Space Science Institute and Austrospace.     

空间探索用梯度密度气凝胶的合成与应用进展

气凝胶是空间探索领域的关键功能材料.系统介绍了单一密度气凝胶和梯度密度气凝胶材料的分类、合成方法、复合工艺、特殊性能及其在空间探索领域的应用.其中,梯度密度气凝胶材料的合成是国际上的技术难点,笔者结合自身研究将其复合方式分为早期方法、分层粘贴法、逐层凝胶法和梯度溶胶共凝胶法,揭示了梯度气凝胶应遵循由单位深度的低差异到高...     

基于单应视差的月面着陆区离面测量及平坦性分析

文章针对月球探测器的软着陆,提出了基于由平面诱导的单应视差的月面着陆区离面距离测量及平坦性分析方法.对于特征点分布不均匀情况,采用邻近特征点内插方法在全图强制性近似均匀选择点云作为兴趣点,用基于极线约束和单应约束融合的方法匹配纹理不丰富的兴趣点.使用由平面诱导的单应视差计算兴趣点的离面距离,以离面距离的最大值、绝对值的...     

核热火箭发动机系统循环方案分析与设计

核热火箭发动机是未来实现载人火星探测的首选动力方案,其具备高比冲、大推力和长工作寿命等优点。我国在此方面研究较少,亟需开展核热推进技术理论及方法的研究。核热火箭发动机系统循环分析与设计是关键问题之一,对推进系统总体设计有重要意义。分析了3种可用于核热火箭发动机系统循环的方案特点,基于闭式膨胀循环设计了比冲为910 s ...     

月球采样机械臂系统设计及试验验证

在对月球采样返回任务需求及探测器系统任务剖面进行分析的基础上，设计并研制了一种轻量化、大负载、高精度、宽采样范围月球采样机械臂系统。该系统主要由4自由度机械臂及两种不同采样形式的末端采样器组成，可对不同指定区域浅层月壤进行铲、挖、浅钻等多形式采集。在综合考虑机械臂系统器上布局的基础上，基于运动学模型对采样机械臂的可达采样区域进行仿真分析，提出采样机械臂月面采样策略。基于等尺寸着陆器模拟平台，开展了针对3种不同密实度模拟月壤的采样试验，采样试验结果表明在可达采样空间内，采样机械臂对不同密实度月壤均具有较好的适应性，最大采样深度可达30 mm，最大单次采样量可达270 g，单次采样时间小于2 min。