液体镜头技术应用于空间探测的初步探讨

文章介绍了一种方兴未艾的镜头技术——液体镜头技术，分析了几种典型液体镜头的工作原理和控制方法，并初步探讨了其在空间探测领域应用的可能性。     

大学新生入学适应教育探析

本研究以410名大学新生为被试,采用问卷法调查了入学第一个学期学生的精神健康水平,考察了他们的入学适应状况,调查结果表明:一部分学生在新环境的适应上存在较多问题.本文在调查研究的基础上,对提高大学生入学适应水平的教育途径和方法做出了尝试性的探讨.     

Developing the global exploration roadmap: An example using the humans to the lunar surface theme

The development of the Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) by 12 space agencies participating in the International Space Exploration Coordination Group broadly outlines a pathway to send humans beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since Apollo. Three themes have emerged: Exploration of a Near-Earth Asteroid, Extended Duration Crew Missions, and Humans to the Lunar Surface. The lack of detail within each of these themes could mean that realizing the goals of the GER would be significantly delayed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that many of the details needed to fully define and evaluate these themes in terms of scientific rationale, economic viability, and technical feasibility already exist and need to be mapped to the GER. Here, we use the Humans to the Lunar Surface theme as an example to illustrate how this process could work. By mapping documents from a variety of international stakeholders, this process can be used to cement buy-in from the current partners and attract new ones to this effort.     

Automated design architectures for co-orbiting spacecraft swarms for planetary moon mapping

This work describes the design and optimization of spacecraft swarm missions to meet spatial and temporal visual mapping requirements of missions to planetary moons, using resonant co-orbits. The algorithms described here are a part of Integrated Design Engineering and Automation of Swarms (IDEAS), a spacecraft swarm mission design software that automates the design trajectories, swarm, and spacecraft behaviors in the mission. In the current work, we focus on the swarm design and optimization features of IDEAS, while showing the interaction between the different design modules. In the design segment, we consider the coverage requirements of two general planetary moon mapping missions: global surface mapping and region of interest observation. The configuration of the swarm co-orbits for the two missions is described, where the participating spacecraft have resonant encounters with the moon on their orbital apoapsis. We relate the swarm design to trajectory design through the orbit insertion maneuver performed on the interplanetary trajectory using aero-braking. We then present algorithms to model visual coverage, and collision avoidance in the swarm. To demonstrate the interaction between different design modules, we relate the trajectory and swarm to spacecraft design through fuel mass, and mission cost estimations using preliminary models. In the optimization segment, we formulate the trajectory and swarm design optimizations for the two missions as Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problems. In the current work, we use Genetic Algorithm as the primary optimization solver. However, we also use the Particle Swarm Optimizer to compare the optimizer performance. Finally, the algorithms described here are demonstrated through numerical case studies, where the two visual mapping missions are designed to explore the Martian moon Deimos.     

航天器外表面导电面积对朗缪尔探针科学探测的影响

朗缪尔探针的科学探测会受到航天器外表面导电面积与朗缪尔探针传感器有效面积之比大小的影响。如果航天器的外表面导电面积不足够大,朗缪尔探针以扫描电压模式工作时,就会造成航天器地电位的扰动,进而导致朗缪尔探针测量结果的偏差。分析了此问题的物理原理,并进行了相应的理论计算。子午工程探空火箭有效载荷朗缪尔探针在进行科学探测的同时,测量了火箭外表面导电面积与朗缪尔探针传感器有效面积之比不足造成的扰动,测量结果与理论分析基本一致。     

载人火星探测进展及其EDL过程GNC关键技术

随着火星探测技术的不断发展和探测任务的不断推进，载人火星探测在未来将会成为火星探测的重要手段。首先，回顾了无人火星探测任务的发展历程，对比分析了部分无人火星探测器进入、下降与着陆（EDL）过程的参数。然后，结合无人火星探测、载人月球探测和载人航天再入过程，梳理了载人火星探测的特点及需求，系统地总结了前苏联/俄罗斯和美国的载人火星探测研究进展以及技术储备。接着，归纳了载人火星探测的体系构成、集结方式和主要的技术挑战。最后，概括了载人火星EDL过程面临的难题，重点阐述了EDL的导航、制导与控制（GNC）关键技术。     

双月球近旁转向探月初步分析

分析了双月球近旁转向实现对月球多次探测的原理。基于圆锥曲线拼接法，建立了双月球近旁转向的简化数学模型．给出了一个初步分析算例，并与考虑精确动力学模型下的算例进行了比较。结果表明，该方法的结果同精确算例基本吻合，是一种有效的方法。     

Technology Progress Report for Microwave Remote Sensing

In this presentation, technological progress for China's microwave remote sensing is introduced. New developments of the microwave remote sensing instruments for China's lunar exploration satellite (Chang'E-1), meteorological satellite FY-3 and ocean dynamic measurement satellite (HY-2) are reported.     

“天问一号”火星探测器关键任务系统设计

“天问一号”任务是我国行星探测的首次任务,在国际上首次通过一次任务实现了火星“环绕、着陆、巡视”的三步跨越.“天问一号”探测器由中国空间技术研究院负责抓总研制,包括环绕器和着陆巡视器两个组成部分.对“天问一号”探测器的任务特点和概貌进行了介绍,对包括飞行过程、远距离深空通信、火星捕获过程、火星进入下降及着陆过程、火星车解锁驶离和火面工作等关键环节的设计方案进行了描述,对“天问一号”所取得的技术成果与创新进行了总结.