The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

IMPROVED STRATIFIED SAMPLING MONTE CARLO METHOD TO ANALYZE RELIABILITY OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

ＩＭＰＲＯＶＥＤＳＴＲＡＴＩＦＩＥＤＳＡＭＰＬＩＮＧＭＯＮＴＥＣＡＲＬＯＭＥＴＨＯＤＴＯＡＮＡＬＹＺＥＲＥＬＩＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＡＬＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＬｉＱｉａｎｇ；ＦｅｎｇＹｕａｎｓｈｅｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔＯｆＡｉｒｃｒａｆｔＥｎ...     

一种深空探测器自主天文导航新方法及其可观测性分析

天文导航是一种适用于深空探测器的完全自主的导航方法,与传统的直接利用天体观测信息进行滤波的方法不同,针对深空探测器,提出了一种首先利用天文观测信息通过几何解算得到一个初步的定位结果,再结合轨道动力学方程利用多模自适应(MM)滤波方法对初步结果进行再处理的自主天文导航新方法,仿真计算的结果表明,该方法可以明显提高导航定位精度,同时从可观测性和可观测度的角度,分析了应用该方法提高导航定位精度的原因和机理。     

高分辨率模数转换电路的设计及误差分析

随着惯性技术的发展,传统的电流频率(I/F）转换电路已经不能满足惯性系统的需要。在传统的I/F转换电路的基础上结合A/D采样芯片,用来对积分器残余电荷进行采样,以得到一种高分辨率模数(I/F+A/D）转换电路。介绍了转换电路的工作原理,分析了电路的原理性误差。经仿真分析及实验验证,与传统的I/F转换电路相比,该电路具有更高的满度输出频率、更大的标度因数以及更好的线性度。输入小信号对电路进行测试,测试结果表明该电路对小信号更加灵敏,具有更高的分辨率。     

一种月面采样量的在轨自主测量方法

月面采样量的在轨自主测量是实现月面自主采样的必要环节。本文设计了一种月面采样装置,根据图像信息实现对月面采样量的在轨自主测量。针对图像中目标与背景灰度差较小、背景区域噪声较多的特点,采用了改进型最大类间方差法与连通标记自适应去噪方法,实现了采样区域较为准确的分割。针对单目相机无法直接获取采样区域尺寸的特点,利用已知物体尺寸进行在轨自主标定,结合图像中提取出的采样区域,完成了采样区域尺寸的计算,实现了采样量的在轨自主测量。试验结果表明,在轨自主测量结果与实际结果吻合,本文提出的在轨自主测量方法有效。     

深空导航相位参考干涉测量技术研究

针对深空导航不断提高的测角精度需求和传统无线电干涉测量技术所面临的局限,介绍了相位参考干涉技术用于深空导航的优势,重点分析了该技术的基本原理和两个关键观测参数的影响,综述了该技术在国外的研究进展情况,最后介绍了我国开展该技术研究的软硬件基础和利用嫦娥三号任务数据开展的相位参考干涉测量试验情况,试验结果表明了基于我国深空测控资源开展该技术研究的可行性和高精度,有助于推动该技术转向实际工程应用,提高我国深空导航无线电干涉测量水平。     

间歇采样重复转发对雷达恒虚警检测性能的影响分析

作为一种新型相干干扰,间歇采样转发干扰可以获得雷达脉冲压缩增益,对雷达系统构成了很大的威胁。针对采用线性调频脉冲压缩和单元平均类恒虚警检测的雷达系统,在分析了间歇采样重复转发压制干扰原理和雷达恒虚警检测的工作原理的基础上,理论分析推导了不同间歇采样占空比、转发增益和不同的噪声功率背景条件下重复转发干扰在真实目标CFAR检测区间的能量。通过分析信号能量、噪声能量和干扰能量之间的关系,推导了不同干扰参数下CFAR检测器的信噪比。研究结果表明,在重复全转发这种干扰样式下,采样频率、占空比均是影响影响检测器的重要参数,当优化参数配置,使得转发能量尽量位于检测单元内时,有相对理想的对抗效果。     

Regression model for civil aero-engine gas path parameter deviation based on deep domain-adaptation with Res-BP neural network

The variations in gas path parameter deviations can fully reflect the healthy state of aero-engine gas path components and units; therefore, airlines usually take them as key parameters for monitoring the aero-engine gas path performance state and conducting fault diagnosis. In the past, the airlines could not obtain deviations autonomously. At present, a data-driven method based on an aero-engine dataset with a large sample size can be utilized to obtain the deviations. However, it is still difficult to utilize aero-engine datasets with small sample sizes to establish regression models for deviations based on deep neural networks. To obtain monitoring autonomy of each aero-engine model, it is crucial to transfer and reuse the relevant knowledge of deviation modelling learned from different aero-engine models. This paper adopts the Residual-Back Propagation Neural Network (Res-BPNN) to deeply extract high-level features and stacks multi-layer Multi-Kernel Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MK-MMD) adaptation layers to map the extracted high-level features to the Reproduce Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) for discrepancy measurement. To further reduce the distribution discrepancy of each aero-engine model, the method of maximizing domain-confusion loss based on an adversarial mechanism is introduced to make the features learned from different domains as close as possible, and then the learned features can be confused. Through the above methods, domain-invariant features can be extracted, and the optimal adaptation effect can be achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by using cruise data from different civil aero-engine models and compared with other transfer learning algorithms.     

用数据矩阵奇异值分解实现时间欠采样信号频率无模糊估计

提出一种在欠Ｎｙｑｕｉｓｔ采样下可实现高宽频带内信号频率无模糊估计的算法，该算法通过构造一种特殊的数据矩阵，对数据矩阵奇异值分解，利用有限的采样数据构造出更为精确的噪声子空间，利用信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交性，精确地提取多个空间信号的频率信息。该法比基于协方差矩阵特征分解的算法具有更好的分辨性能。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

深空通信中继下行链路特性研究及仿真分析

在深空通信中,由于信号传输距离遥远,功率受限的下行链路信号衰减巨大。为解决上述问题,分析地球大气层和外层自由空间的传输特性差异,提出以地球同步轨道卫星为中继站的下行链路的构想,根据每一段链路特性的不同选择载波频率。仿真结果表明,中继链路可以提高信号传输的信噪比、增大信道容量、降低误码率,提高了深空通信下行链路的可靠性。