Lunar cosmic ray radiation environments during Luna and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter missions

The RV-2N-series instruments onboard Luna missions and the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) were designed to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts by measuring cosmic ray (CR) intensity. In this study, we have shown that the RV-2N-series instruments onboard of Russian Luna missions and the CRaTER reliably detect both background CRs and solar proton events (SPEs) in the lunar radiation environment using the proton intensity measured by the RV-2N-series onboard Luna missions out of the Russian Luna program for the exploration of the Moon (November 1970–August 1975) and the CR intensity on the Moon observed by the CRaTER (June 2009–March 2011). Those were compared with the CR intensities observed by neutron monitors (McMurdo, Thule, Oulu) on the Earth. The sunspot number is used as the index of solar activity (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center). As a result, the background CR intensities on the Moon turned out to have a good anti-correlation with the solar activity. We have also identified the proton intensity increasing events on the Moon which have the similar profiles to those observed by neutron monitors on the Earth. Most of these events show the significant increase of proton intensities in the lunar radiation environment when the SPEs associated with solar eruptions are verified. Therefore, most of the proton intensity increasing events are associated with the energetic solar particles in the lunar environment.     

主动对等计算系统的路由机制

针对无结构对等计算系统路由机制中用户需求粒度过细,忽略需求模糊性和多元性的问题,提出了基于用户需求的路由机制.借鉴模糊理论,提出了从文件类型、文件质量、下载速度多方面综合评价节点能力的路由模型.给出了节点能力因素及节点能力的定义,采用隶属度的方式来描述节点提供资源的能力与用户需求的符合程度.分析和实验结果表明,该机制在满足用户需求和减少网络开销方面能够达到很好的均衡.      

气氮调温器Y型喷嘴实验及数值研究

基于FLUENT软件离散相模型及气体助力雾化模型,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法研究通过Y型喷嘴雾化液氮的雾化特性.由于液氮液滴的蒸发相变,与水相比喷雾锥角更清晰且明显减小,约为10°,喷雾距离缩短.分析喷嘴气液工作压力对液氮雾化索太尔平均直径（SMD）、液滴体积分数和数量分数的影响.结果表明：SMD沿喷射方向变化幅度极小;SMD主要受气相速度及气液比影响,气压低时气相速度影响较大,气压高时气液比影响较大;由于相变作用,液氮雾化粒径分布更为集中.数值研究Y型喷嘴用于不同流量需求的气氮调温器的调温效果,出口温度低于98K,进出口温差达到12K,且整个出口温差在±1K以内,能够实现精确控温要求.     

ZrB2/C复合材料抗烧蚀性能及微观结构的研究

采用热压法制备ZrB2／C复合材料，利用氧乙炔火焰烧蚀法测试材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率，采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析材料的微观结构及物相变化。研究结果表明：和相同工艺制备的纯石墨材料相比，ZrB2的引入降低了炭材料的质量和线烧蚀率，ZrB2的加入量越大，烧蚀率降低幅度越大，ZrB2引入明显提高了炭材料的抗烧蚀性能；通过微观结构分析，探讨了ZrB2形态和含量对复合材料抗烧蚀性能影响的机理，研究结果展示了此材料作为高温烧蚀材料的良好应用前景。     

Influence of uniaxial tensile pre-strain on forming limit curve by using biaxial tensile test

This paper focused on the effect of pre-strain on forming limit curves(FLC) of 5754-O aluminum alloy sheet through utilizing biaxial tensile approach. Based on Swift model and Yld2000-2 d yield criterion, the dimensions of cruciform specimen was optimized through applying finite element method for increasing the strain at specimen center. After that, with the recommended specimen size, the cruciform specimen was tested under various stroke ratios to experimentally characterize the limit strains ...     

AZ91D镁合金表面激光等离子复合喷涂Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层的研究

利用一种全新的激光等离子同时复合喷涂加工技术,成功在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层,并研究了激光功率对涂层结构和性能的影响.利用SEM、光学显微镜法、XRD、显微硬度计等分析测试手段研究了在不同激光功率下的涂层形貌、孔隙率、相组成、显微硬度.结果表明:Al-Si过渡层明显改善了涂层与基体的结...     

平面突扩管道中的湍流流动及预混燃烧计算

应用随机涡法(Random Vortex Method)对平面后台阶突扩管道中的湍流流动及预混燃烧过程进行了数值计算。与平均流场所显示的气流结构不同,瞬时流场表现出大尺度的多涡结构。由于这些大尺度旋涡之间的相互作用,回流区长度在平均值附近发生拟周期性变化。预混燃烧计算结果表明,大尺度旋涡对火焰面在流场中的分布有重要影响。     

某RBCC样机进气道的设计与数值模拟

针对某包含引射、亚燃两模态(马赫数为0~4.0)的支板式火箭基组合循环(rocket based combined cycle)发动机地面集成试验,设计了样机用带支板的二元进气道.数值模拟对比分析了在亚燃模态下进气道加入支板前后的性能以及流道内的流动情况,验证了设计的合理性,并且给出了支板位置以及构型的改变引起RBCC发动机进气道性能变化的规律和优化设计结果.      

Modeling M(3000)F2 based on extreme learning machine

This paper presents an novel extreme learning machine (ELM)-based prediction model for the ionospheric propagation factor M(3000)F2 at Darwin station (12.4°S, 131.5°E; −44.5°dip) in Australia. The proposed ELM model is trained with hourly daily values of M(3000)F2 from the period 1998–2014 except 2001 and 2009. The hourly daily values of 2001 (high solar activity) and 2009 (low solar activity) are used for validating the prediction accuracy. The proposed ELM for modeling M(3000)F2 can achieve faster training process and similar testing accuracy compared with backward propagation neural network (BPNN). In addition, the performance of the ELM is verified by comparing the predicted values of M(3000)F2 with observed values and the international reference ionosphere (IRI −2016) model predicted values. Based on the error differences (the root mean square error (RMSE) and the M(3000)F2 percentage improvement values M(3000)F2_IMP(%)), the result demonstrates the effectiveness of the ELM model compared with the IRI-2016 model at hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly in high (2001) and low (2009) solar activity years. The ELM also shows good agreement with observations compared with the IRI during disturbed magnetic activity.     

IRI-90及其与中国电离层资料f_0F_2的比较

本文介绍了国际参考电离层IRI-90版中新增的内容,比较了它与IRI-86的主要差别。与我国电离层临频数据的统计分析表明,新版本对我国地区的适用程度有了改进。