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71.
《Space Policy》2013,29(4):251-257
The following paper reports the results of a research work carried from 2008 on the topic of strategies and determinants of space technology Transfer (TT). In particular, the aim of this study is to present: 1. The policies and strategies the major space agencies adopt for TT, 2. The operational mechanisms and determinants involved in the transfer of space technologies to other industrial sectors. To this extent we have conducted in the last five years: six case studies of large space agencies, four TT case studies concerning the construction of scientific satellites, two case studies focused on space to earth TT programs undertaken by the Japanese aerospace agency, and two TT case studies examining Italian space companies.The comparative and comprehensive analyses of these studies indicate that the space agencies of the more industrialized countries aim primarily at consolidating and developing the industrial systems in their own countries, which include the use of technology transfer programs, and that the transfer of space technologies follows the route “Earth–Space–Earth”. With regard to the determinants of the TT process, the most important of these correlate with the type of technology in transfer, whereas organizational, economic and financial determinants have less significance. 相似文献
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When the idea of a large space station in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) was conceived in the 1980s, it was primarily planned as an orbiting laboratory for microgravity research. Some even thought of it as an industrial plant in space. Whereas the latter did not materialize because of various reasons, the former is absolutely true when you talk about the International Space Station (ISS). Since the transition to a six astronaut crew in 2009 and the completion of its assembly in 2011, it has been intensively used as laboratory in a wide field of scientific topics. Experiments conducted on ISS have yielded first class results in biology, physiology, material science, basic physics, and many more. While its role as a laboratory in space is widely recognized, the awareness for its potential for preparing future exploration missions beyond LEO is just increasing. This paper provides information on how the ISS programme contributes to future exploration efforts, both manned and unmanned. It highlights the work that has been done or is currently underway in the fields of technology, operations, and science. Further potentials and future projects for exploration preparation are also shown. A special focus lies on experiments and projects primarily funded by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) or with strong German participation in the science team. 相似文献
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舱外活动中航天员利用扶手移动的路径规划 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
航天员在舱外活动中,常常需要从一个工作点向另一个工作点移动.提出了一种用于搜寻两个工作点间最短通路的路径规划的方法.该方法利用人工智能中的启发式搜索A*算法,在用栅格法对三维工作环境进行离散化的基础上,采用路径最短原则,完成了航天员在舱外活动中依靠扶手移动的路径规划.对一个例子进行了研究,并对结果进行了分析.规划的路径可为航天员舱外活动扶手的安装位置提供参考依据,以减少航天员舱外作业的工作时间、降低能量消耗以及提高航天员舱外作业的工作效率. 相似文献
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77.
苏子波 《中国民航飞行学院学报》2010,21(4)
中介语研究是二语习得理论的重要内容.传统的观点认为,中介语是与二语习得有关的五种认知过程的产物.按母语是否介入,中介语的成因可分为语际干扰和语内干扰,语内干扰以超度归纳为典型.本文从*as possible as I can/could这一中介语形式入手,借助CLEC语料库,试图分析其成因.分析后发现:*as possible as I can/could主要源自于语内干扰,但不是超度归纳,而是因语内同义形似干扰而形成.因此,本文提出,语内干扰的形式,除了传统的超度归纳,还应包括语内同义形似干扰.这种干扰易错误石化,应予以及时纠正. 相似文献
78.
对团队自治实体的路径规划问题进行了分析,提出了一种团队自治实体路径规划算法TAEPP(Team Autonomous Entity Path Planning).该算法是一种集中式的全局规划方法,使用改进的A*算法得到团队中Leader成员的路径,通过对Leader路径的优化得到关键点表和队形转换表,利用关键点表和队形转换表得到团队中非Leader成员的路径.队形转换表可以使行进中的队形变换更合理,减少了队形维护时需要的通信量.通过调整算法中的2个影响因子,可以分别得到侧重于队形和侧重于距离的路径.试验结果验证了TAEPP算法的合理性和有效性. 相似文献
79.
China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one. 相似文献
80.