火星车自主导航与路径规划技术研究

针对火星车工作任务环境,借鉴国外成功研究经验,给出了火星车自主导航敏感器配置,研究可在实际工程中应用的火星车自主导航与路径规划技术,包括DEM图构建与障碍物检测、全局路径规划、基于立体视觉相机的视觉里程计、多传感器融合位姿确定以及局部路径规划技术,并搭建了实验系统,在实验室内进行了仿真验证。相关研究结果可为我国后续开展火星车自主导航系统研究提供一定的基础。     

一种改进阻尼倒数的空间机器人避奇异算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划过程中存在的动力学奇异问题,提出一种动力学奇异转化加改进阻尼倒数的奇异回避算法。首先,通过运动学分解,间接求解机器人逆运动学方程,避免直接求解逆广义雅可比矩阵,以实现奇异参数的分离;然后,采用改进的高斯分布阻尼因子的阻尼倒数代替奇异参数的普通倒数,回避运动学奇异的影响。与现有阻尼倒数方法相比,提高了算法在奇异点附近的连续性,进一步减小了算法带来的跟踪误差。在PUMA类型空间机器人模型上进行仿真试验,校验算法的有效性。     

基于重力储能的太阳能飞机飞行轨迹研究

基于重力储能原理,研究了太阳能飞机变高度飞行轨迹及其应用效果。描述了变高度轨迹的具体组成部分及各部分的运动方式,建立了各部分轨迹和时间节点的物理数学模型,提出了适用于变高度轨迹的太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法。得到了给定设计指标下的飞行轨迹和需用功率曲线,并与定高度轨迹对比,研究了相关技术参数对变高度轨迹应用效果的影响。研究结果表明：变高度轨迹可以有效减小储能电池放电时间和机翼面积;对于不同设计高度均存在最优的爬升高度,使得机翼面积最小;设计高度越高,设计日期越偏离夏至日,储能电池能量密度越小,推进系统功重比越大,变高度轨迹的应用效果越明显。     

Helicopter maritime search area planning based on a minimum bounding rectangle and K-means clustering

Helicopters are widely used in maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) missions. To ensure the success of SAR missions, search areas need to be carefully planned. With the development of computer technology and weather forecast technology, the survivors’ drift trajectories can be predicted more precisely, which strongly supports the planning of search areas for the rescue helicopter. However, the methods used to determine the search area based on the predicted drift trajectories are mainly derived from the continuous expansion of the area with the highest Probability of Containment (POC), which may lead to local optimal solutions and a decrease in the Probability of Success (POS), especially when there are several subareas with a high POC. To address this problem, this paper proposes a method based on a Minimum Bounding Rectangle and K-means clustering (MBRK). A silhouette coefficient is adopted to analyze the distribution of the survivors’ probable locations, which are divided into multiple clusters with K-means clustering. Then, probability maps are generated based on the minimum bounding rectangle of each cluster. By adding or subtracting one row or column of cells or shifting the planned search area, 12 search methods are used to generate the optimal search area starting from the cell with the highest POC in each probability map. Taking a real case as an example, the simulation experiment results show that the POS values obtained by the MBRK method are higher than those obtained by other methods, which proves that the MBRK method can effectively support the planning of search areas and that K-means clustering improves the POS of search plans.     

Formation flight of fixed-wing UAV swarms: A group-based hierarchical approach

This paper investigates a formation control problem of fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms. A group-based hierarchical architecture is established among the UAVs, which decomposes all the UAVs into several distinct and non-overlapping groups. In each group, the UAVs form hierarchies with one UAV selected as the group leader. All group leaders execute coordinated path following to cooperatively handle the mission process among different groups, and the remaining followers track their direct leaders to achieve the inner-group coordination. More specifically, for a group leader, a virtual target moving along its desired path is assigned for the UAV, and an updating law is proposed to coordinate all the group leaders’ virtual targets; for a follower UAV, the distributed leader-following formation control law is proposed to make the follower’s heading angle coincide with its direct leader, while keeping the desired relative position with respect to its direct leader. The proposed control law guarantees the globally asymptotic stability of the whole closed-loop swarm system under the control input constraints of fixed-wing UAVs. Theoretical proofs and numerical simulations are provided, which corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法

在多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工中,建立准确的加工工序模型是实现该类零件智能加工的关键技术。为了获得多岛屿特征机匣类零件准确的加工工序模型,提出了一种基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法。首先,根据多岛屿特征机匣类零件的加工特征对建模过程中虚拟控制面约束的引入进行了分析,并结合虚拟控制面约束思想给出了拉格朗日超限插值的建模理论;然后,结合机匣类零件的几何特征确定了虚拟控制面的分布位置和几何形状的计算方法,在此基础上根据虚拟控制面建模理论构造了中间变形曲面,依据切削深度约束确定了工序模型,并对其进行了轨迹规划;最后,在一类多岛屿特征的机匣零件上对算法进行了验证,结果表明,本文方法能够根据机匣零件加工特征分布情况有效地控制工序模型的几何形状,避免了同时处理多个加工特征所导致的工序曲面过早趋于复杂现象,为多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工提供有效的工序模型,一定程度上降低了该类零件数控加工的工艺规划难度。     

基于CAM/CNC集成的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整方法

航空大型薄壁零件刚性弱,加工过程中易产生超差变形,需要对零件进行在机检测,并将检测数据反馈给CAM系统进行拟合并调整刀轨。以上过程需要在不同部门和系统间进行切换,严重影响了生产效率。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于CAM/CNC集成的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整方法。建立了CAM/CNC集成框架,并构建了用于CAM/CNC间信息传递的动态特征信息模型,基于CAM系统离线生成特征理论中间状态,基于CNC系统建立特征实际中间状态检测点同理论中间状态的映射关系。通过分析理论厚度和实际厚度,确定特征中间状态的变形情况。针对变形导致特征中间状态加工余量无法包络符合公差要求的最终加工状态的情况,进行在机刀轨调整。基于所提出的方法开发的航空大型薄壁件数控加工在机刀轨调整系统在某大型航空企业得到了应用验证,可有效避免信息的反复传递,减少了工艺人员的重复劳动,提高了生产效率。     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.     

航天器资源约束的时间拓扑排序处理方法

针对航天器自主任务规划中的资源受限、约束复杂、活动并行等问题,提出了基于时间拓扑排序的航天器资源计算方法。考虑规划结果中资源产生及消耗,采用资源约束网络模型表示规划中动作的资源需求。通过分析资源变化与动作执行时间的关系,在资源处理过程中对资源约束网络的资源突变时刻进行拓扑排序,优化了流量推进路径的选择过程,时间复杂度为O(n 2 )。数值仿真结果表明,算法提高了规划过程中资源处理的效率。     

Biobjective planning of GEO debris removal mission with multiple servicing spacecrafts

The mission planning of GEO debris removal with multiple servicing spacecrafts (SScs) is studied in this paper. Specifically, the SScs are considered to be initially on the GEO belt, and they should rendezvous with debris of different orbital slots and different inclinations, remove them to the graveyard orbit and finally return to their initial locations. Three key problems should be resolved here: task assignment, mission sequence planning and transfer trajectory optimization for each SSc. The minimum-cost, two-impulse phasing maneuver is used for each rendezvous. The objective is to find a set of optimal planning schemes with minimum fuel cost and travel duration. Considering this mission as a hybrid optimal control problem, a mathematical model is proposed. A modified multi-objective particle swarm optimization is employed to address the model. Numerous examples are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model and solution method. In this paper, single-SSc and multiple-SSc scenarios with the same amount of fuel are compared. Numerous experiments indicate that for a definite GEO debris removal mission, that which alternative (single-SSc or multiple-SSc) is better (cost less fuel and consume less travel time) is determined by many factors. Although in some cases, multiple-SSc scenarios may perform worse than single-SSc scenarios, the extra costs are considered worth the gain in mission safety and robustness.