基于相似理论的月球车月面牵引性能预测

引入相似理论对月球车的轮土交互系统进行研究,建立了月壤-车轮交互系统的地面力学相似模型,针对原位月壤内聚力较小的特点,提出了一种无需改变车轮尺寸、以模拟月壤为土壤介质的模型试验方法,对月面重力环境下月球车轮的牵引性能进行预测.利用室内土槽试验和颗粒流仿真相结合的方法对该模型试验方法的有效性进行验证,验证结果与模型试验的理论分析结果较为接近,表明该法具有较好的可行性和有效性,可考虑用于预测月球车的月面牵引性能.     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

Powered-descent trajectory optimization scheme for Mars landing

This paper presents a trajectory optimization scheme for powered-descent phase of Mars landing with considerations of disturbance. Firstly, θ–D$\theta ''–''D$ method is applied to design a suboptimal control law with descent model in the absence of disturbance. Secondly, disturbance is estimated by disturbance observer, and the disturbance estimation is as feedforward compensation. Then, semi-global stability analysis of the composite controller consisting of the nonlinear suboptimal controller and the disturbance feedforward compensation is proposed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of proposed control scheme, an application including relevant simulations on a Mars landing mission is demonstrated.     

费用约束下含应力优化的CSADT设计

恒定应力加速退化试验(CSADT,Constant Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing)方案中需要确定的变量有应力水平、各应力下样本量、监测间隔和各应力下监测次数.如何对CSADT的应力水平进行优化目前很少有人探讨.针对这一问题提出一种在费用约束下将上述4个变量进行综合优化的方法.首先用随机过程描述CSADT下产品的性能退化过程,然后以产品在使用条件下p分位寿命可靠度的渐近方差最小为目标,以试验费用不超过预算为约束条件,给出CSADT的4个优化变量,并给出应用该优化方法的仿真算例.最后,优化方案对模型参数偏差的敏感性分析表明,在一定偏差范围内优化结果具有良好的稳健性.      

响应面法优化牡蛎复合酶水解工艺研究

采用响应面法优化牡蛎的复合酶水解工艺.结果表明：中性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶按照2∶1复配,在水解温度40℃,水解时间5.68h,水解pH值7.0条件下,牡蛎蛋白水解度可达到32.24%,水解效果最优.验证试验表明,实际蛋白质的水解度与模型预测值相近,因此采用响应面法优化牡蛎酶解工艺,准确可靠.     

The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

太阳帆航天器行星际轨道转移优化算法

研究基于遗传算法的太阳帆行星际转移轨道的全局优化问题.通过极小值原理推导了太阳帆全局优化控制律,并以太阳帆飞行时间最短为优化目标函数,运用遗传算法对发射时间、到达时间和协态变量初值进行参数优化设计.为了解决轨道转移这一多约束优化问题,在遗传算法中加入动态罚函数.在此理论基础上作了从地球同步轨道出发到火星同步轨道转移和从地球出发与火星交会两个算例,仿真结果表明了该方法在太阳帆转移轨道全局优化中的有效性.     

基于粒子群算法的多脉冲转移轨迹优化

通过引入Lambert算法处理终端约束条件,建立基于可行解迭代的多脉冲转移轨迹优化模型,采用粒子群算法优化最省燃料转移轨道,并对分别采用变轨点真近点角和变轨时刻作为设计变量的优化结果进行了对比分析.对相同的两脉冲、三脉冲轨道转移问题,优化结果验证了提出的优化模型和优化算法的正确高效性.仿真表明,使用变轨点真近点角为设计变量时优化效率和结果更好.     

考虑随机干扰的高超声速滑翔飞行器轨迹优化

为解决高超声速滑翔式飞行器具有干扰不确定性的再入轨迹优化问题,提出了一种基于广义正交多项式方法的随机轨迹优化数值求解方法。针对随机干扰,基于广义正交多项式方式对其分布进行采样,形成采样空间,而后将每个采样值代入确定性轨迹优化问题中进行反复迭代求解,得出观测值的样本空间,并计算其期望、方差和协方差,估计输出值。以最大纵程为代价函数对具有随机干扰的高超声速滑翔式飞行器最优轨迹进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,基于广义正交多项式的随机轨迹优化方法能够有效处理随机干扰对轨迹优化问题的影响,与蒙特卡洛法相比计算效率大大提高。