ASD规范和数字化客户服务产品定义

简要介绍了欧洲宇航和防务工业协会ASD(Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe)系列标准以及在数字化客户服务产品定义中的应用.     

便携式γ射线照射装置散射辐射特性研究

便携式γ射线照射装置对于提高固定式X、γ辐射剂量仪检定率、解决现场校准难题具有重要意义,利用蒙特卡罗模拟与实验测量协同开展便携式γ射线照射装置散射辐射特性研究。结果表明：蒙特卡罗方法可以模拟得到装置自身的散射辐射,实验测量只能获得照射装置以外辐射场中的散射辐射。利用MCNP程序F4卡和CF卡得到距放射源1 m处照射装置自身的散射贡献分别为13.07 %和4.55 %;反平方律实验和移出实验得到辐射场散射辐射贡献分别为0.2 %和3.94 %,满足ISO 4037-1:2019和GB/T 12162.1-2000的要求。该装置可用于固定式X、γ辐射剂量仪的现场校准。     

多媒体通信中基于可靠性检验的可靠多播路由算法

针对多媒体通信中的可靠性问题,提出了一种基于可靠性检验的可靠多播路由算法,使得用于可靠多播通信的网络资源最小。该算法针对一棵给定的、未考虑可靠性的初始多播树,分别计算源节点到每个多播节点路径上的可靠性,如果该可靠性不能满足相应的可靠性要求,则修改或改变多播树中源节点到此多播节点的路径,使其满足相应的可靠性要求。     

Al_2O_3p/Al复合材料低频扭转振动攻丝研究

分析了低频扭转振动攻丝降低攻丝扭矩的机理,进行了干切状态下振动攻丝和连续攻丝的攻丝扭矩和丝锥使用寿命对比试验,并对振动攻丝中切削液的影响进行了试验。结果表明,在干切状态下,振动攻丝能够显著降低攻丝扭矩、提高丝锥使用寿命。     

民用飞机飞行机组非正常操作程序编制研究

非正常操作程序是指在飞机或系统功能非正常情况下,飞行机组安全操作飞机的重要依据,是保证飞行安全最重要的因素之一.非正常操作程序的编制耗时长且涉及多个技术领域,是一项复杂的系统工程.通过研究国外相关资料,结合成熟机型程序的编制经验,提出非正常操作程序编制流程.首先,系统地介绍非正常操作程序的组成和功能、程序项目的确定方法以及程序格式;然后,定义非正常操作程序编制过程的四个阶段、各阶段的工作内容以及人员资质;最后,结合国产新支线客机实例证明所提非正常操作程序编制流程的有效性.本文提出的非正常操作程序编制流程对民用飞机主制造商非正常操作程序的编制具有指导意义.     

Impact of loading effects on determination of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame

The International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), as a realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), is represented by a set of station positions and linear velocities. They are intended to be used as regularized coordinates to which some corrections should be added to access instantaneous coordinates. The latest ITRS realization is the ITRF2005, which has integrated time series of station positions to form long-term solutions for the four space geodetic techniques. Currently, a purely linear model is used to parameterize station displacements in the estimation process, plus occasional discontinuities in case of earthquakes or equipment changes. However the input data have been derived without applying surface loading models and so surface loading effects are supposed to be embedded in the coordinates as measured quantities. We evaluate the effect of applying a posteriori loading corrections, which include the effect of atmospheric, non-tidal ocean, and continental water loading, to time series of positions estimated from Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. We notice that they reduce about 50% or more of the annual signals in the translation and scale parameter time series of the SLR and VLBI techniques, except in SLR Z translation. In general, the estimated secular frame definition is negligibly affected and estimated positions and velocities are not significantly modified for stations that have accumulated a large number of observations. A multi-technique combination of such derived frames allows concluding that, for some cases, loading model corrections might degrade co-located station coordinates almost as much as they benefit them. However, most significant improvement of the estimated secular coordinates is observed for stations with less than 100 estimated positions as demonstrated with a multi-technique combination.     

空间计量与脉冲星导航

以脉冲星导航技术为背景,讨论了空间计量理论中时间测量的关键问题。首先介绍了脉冲星导航的基本原理,和不同坐标系之间的时间尺度转换,比较了不同坐标系时间轴度规对脉冲星的脉冲轮廓测量的影响,说明只有太阳系质心坐标时能够正确测量脉冲轮廓。进而介绍了空间计量提出的两种时间统一的模式:地球卫星导航模式和脉冲星导航模式。以脉冲星导航为例,讨论了基于SI秒绝对定义和太阳系质心坐标时的广域时间统一的方法,给出用航天器原时坐标轴伸缩法修正多普勒效应的公式。最后提出在大尺度广域时空中构建新的守时系统—太阳系质心守时系统的设计思路。     

F-region ionospheric parameters observed in the equatorial and low latitude regions during medium solar activity in the Brazilian sector and comparison with the IRI-2007 model results

The ionospheric sounding observations using the Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosondes (CADIs) operational at Palmas (PAL; 10.2°S, 48.2°W; dip latitude 6.6°S; a near-equatorial station), and São José dos Campos (SJC, 23.2°S, 45.9°W; dip latitude 17.6°S; a low-latitude station located under the southern crest of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly), Brazil, are analyzed during the different seasons viz., winter (June and July 2003), spring (September and October 2003), summer (December 2003 and January 2004), and fall (March and April 2004). The period used has medium solar activity (sunspot number between 77.4 and 39.3). The seasonal mean variations (using only geomagnetically quiet days) of the ionospheric parameters foF2 (critical frequency of the F-region), hpF2 (virtual height at 0.834 foF2; considered to be close to hmF2 (peak height of the F-region)), and h’F (minimum virtual height of the F-region) are calculated and compared between PAL and SJC. The prominent differences between PAL and SJC are as follows: h’F variations show strong post-sunset enhancement at PAL during the seasons of spring, summer, and fall; hpF2 variations show pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at both stations during all the seasons and the hpF2 values during the daytime are lower at SJC compared with PAL during all the seasons; the foF2 variations show mid-day bite-out at PAL during all the seasons and SJC shows strong equatorial ionospheric anomaly during summer and fall seasons. Also, the seasonal variations of the ionospheric parameters foF2 and hpF2 (with ±1 standard deviation) observed at PAL and SJC are compared with the IRI-2007 model results of foF2 and hmF2. In addition, variations of the foF2 and hpF2 observed at SJC are compared with the IRI-2001 model results of foF2 and hmF2. It should be pointed out that the ionospheric parameter hpF2 is much easier to obtain using computer program developed at UNIVAP compared with hmF2 (using POLAN program). During the daytime due to underlying ionization hpF2 estimated is higher (approximately 50 km) than the true peak height hmF2. During the nighttime hpF2 is fairly close to hmF2. The comparison between the foF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the IRI-2007 model results shows a fairly good agreement during all the seasons. However, the comparison between the hpF2 variations observed at PAL and SJC with the hmF2 variations with the IRI-2007 model results shows: (1) a fairly good agreement during the nighttime in all the seasons; (2) the model results do not show the pre-sunrise uplifting of the F-layer at PAL and SJC in any season; (3) the model results do not show the post-sunset uplifting of the F-layer at PAL; (4) considering that, in general, hpF2 is higher than hmF2 during the daytime by about 50 km, the model results are in good agreement at PAL and SJC during all the seasons except summer at SJC, when large discrepancies in the observed hpF2 and modeled hmF2 are observed. Also, it has been observed that, in general, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001 are higher than IRI-2007 during the daytime in winter, summer, and fall. However, hmF2 values for SJC calculated using IRI-2001, are lower than IRI-2007 during the nighttime in spring.     

一种新型RLV再入轨迹在线规划方法

针对可重复使用运载器(Reusable Launch Vehicle, RLV)再入轨迹在线规划问题,提出了一种基于割线法的标准轨迹快速生成方法。该方法以驻点热流、法向过载、动压和平衡滑翔限制为再入过程约束,以再入初始点和结束点的高度、速度为再入端点约束;在阻力加速度-速度平面内建立约束模型后,设计了折线形式的标准轨迹;采用割线法迭代计算轨迹转折点以调整轨迹形状,使最终规划轨迹对应的航程和终端点速度同时满足设计需求。最后取3种不同航程的再入情况进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够在1秒内完成再入轨迹规划,并在一定航程范围内适用,能够满足在线设计标准再入轨迹的实时要求。     

深冷组合发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律研究

为了研究深冷组合循环发动机吸气模态最大状态控制规律,基于部件法建立了发动机热力学计算模型,依据整机共同工作条件确定了发动机非设计点计算的变量与平衡方程。根据工质间的相互影响关系,提出了以氦压气机转速和氦涡轮前温度为控制变量的双变量控制规律。在考虑发动机机械负荷、气动负荷、热负荷及压气机稳定裕度等限制的条件下,根据制定的最大状态控制规律,完成了高度特性和速度特性的计算。根据限制条件计算得到了发动机的工作包线,并指出了最大状态控制规律的区域划分。最后,将控制规律应用于工作包线内,获得了压气机转速、换算转速及工质流量等参数的分布规律。结果表明：工作包线上下边界分别取决于氦压气机喘振裕度限制和空气压气机换算转速下限,右边界限制取决于换热器1氦气出口温度上限。深冷组合循环发动机最大状态控制规律应划分为2个区域,分界线满足以下条件：空气压气机和氦压气机换算转速同时达到最大值。分界线以上空气压气机达到最大工作状态,分界线以下氦压气机达到最大工作状态。空气压气机进口参数是决定控制规律分界线的主要因素。