An innovative high accuracy autonomous navigation method for the Mars rovers

Autonomous navigation is an important function for a Mars rover to fulfill missions successfully. It is a critical technique to overcome the limitations of ground tracking and control traditionally used. This paper proposes an innovative method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) with the aid of star sensors to accurately determine the rover?s position and attitude. This method consists of two parts: the initial alignment and navigation. The alignment consists of a coarse position and attitude initial alignment approach and fine initial alignment approach. The coarse one is used to determine approximate position and attitude for the rover. This is followed by fine alignment to tune the approximate solution to accurate one. Upon the completion of initial alignment, the system can be used to provide real-time navigation solutions for the rover. An autonomous navigation algorithm is proposed to estimate and compensate the accumulated errors of SINS in real time. High accuracy attitude information from star sensor is used to correct errors in SINS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a high precision autonomous navigation for Mars rovers.     

A six-degree-of-freedom hardware-in-the-loop simulator for small spacecraft

This paper presents a novel six degree of freedom, ground-based experimental testbed, designed for testing new guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for the relative motion of nano-satellites. The development of innovative guidance, navigation and control methodologies is a necessary step in the advance of autonomous spacecraft. The testbed allows for testing these algorithms in a one-g laboratory environment. The system stands out among the existing experimental platforms because all degrees of freedom of motion are controlled via real thrusters, as it would occur on orbit, with no use of simulated dynamics and servo actuators. The hardware and software components of the testbed are detailed in the paper, as is the motion tracking system used to perform its navigation. A Lyapunov-based strategy for closed loop control is used in hardware-in-the loop experiments to successfully demonstrate the full six-degree-of-freedom system׳s capabilities. In particular, the test case shows a two-phase regulation experiment, commanding both position and attitude to reach specified final state vectors.     

采用连续旋转检偏器的天空偏振光探测装置设计与实现

为了实现对运动目标与天空散射光的偏振分布模式进行快速、有效的探测,根据连续旋转检偏器光强度透射的数学模型,利用光电传感器的积分特性,设计并构建了采用连续旋转检偏器的偏振成像探测装置。测试结果表明,该装置对偏振光的角度的测量精度优于0.069°（3σ）,偏振度的测量精度优于0.12%（3σ）。一幅偏振图像的探测时间达到0.7s。在偏振度低于4%的情况下,仍可以探测到有规律的偏振分布模式,其抵抗恶劣天气的性能优于现有的偏振导航探测装置。     

国外自主交会测量敏感器技术发展趋势

基于空间任务的高可靠性要求,在传统传感器通过技术改进等方式提升性能的同时,新型探测传感器逐渐进入人们的视野。结合国外自主交会任务,通过介绍自主交会敏感器的发展历程,分析了未来交会对接敏感器的发展方向。     

基于北斗的机载终端完好性算法仿真研究

国内外关于接收机自主完好性算法的理论研究已经成熟,但缺乏依据北斗实测数据的算法性能分析。根据北斗Ⅱ代卫星导航系统14颗星的星座状态及其公开的服务性能,结合民航非精密进近的应用需求,对机载端嵌入自主完好性算法进行仿真研究。首先通过理论仿真,分析了亚太区之内算法的可用性。其次,利用NovAtel接收机实测的北斗数据,设定不同的场景和故障类型,对算法故障检测和识别的性能进行了研究分析。通过仿真,北斗系统在亚太区之内的平均可见星个数大于7颗,平均水平保护限值小于500m,能够满足算法的要求。另通过实测研究,算法可以有效地检测并识别出异常的伪距误差（即故障卫星）。结果表明：接收机自主完好性算法适用于当前北斗Ⅱ代卫星导航系统,能够为民用航空非精密进近提供具备完好性保证的服务。     

长期贮存平台惯导系统壳体效应变化行为模型

长期贮存条件下平台惯导系统壳体效应具有与使用状态不同的漂移特性,其漂移规律与各性能参数退化及其相互耦合特性相关,在工程应用中往往难以分析贮存条件下壳体效应稳定性水平和合理配置标定维护资源。本文通过全面分析伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起壳体效应漂移的原理及其漂移表达式,在此基础上深入挖掘了表达式中漂移参数的变化特性,综合给出了伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起壳体效应漂移的变化行为模型,并结合实际贮存环境剖面对其进行了长期漂移特性、加速特性和稳定性分析,分析表明在现有贮存条件下,伺服电路零位和框架轴上干扰力矩引起的壳体效应在X、Y和Z轴的长期漂移特性相近,与实际使用状态的响应特性不同,且无加速特性,具有较好的稳定性水平,从而为合理安排标定维护资源提供了依据。      

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

面向空间应用的单向微膨胀型热开关特性分析

为了提高探测器等航天器的温度控制精度,降低热波动造成的影响,基于金属的热胀冷缩原理设计了一种单向膨胀型热开关,利用二维稳态导热原理进行建模分析,得到热开关热特性参数。搭建了试验平台模拟热开关工作环境,测定不同功率条件下热开关的工作状态以及相关性能参数。当加热功率为04W时开关断开热阻为23046K/W;功率为30W时开关的导通热阻为03022K/W,开关控制比为7626。结果表明,试验数据与理论计算数据吻合较好,进一步说明了热开关的结构合理性以及适用性。     

微重力条件下热管吸热器瞬态热分析

基于微重力条件下的导热控制微分方程,采用焓法对热管吸热器相变材料容器进行了二维数值建模与仿真,在同时考虑空穴和相变的情况下,对微重力条件下蓄热单元相变传热进行了模拟计算,分析了空穴率对蓄热容器内部的温度场和热性能的影响,并将计算结果同美国航空航天局（NASA）方案热管吸热器蓄热单元相变传热计算结果进行了比较,验证了文中微重力条件下计算模型的合理性与准确性。研究结果表明：空穴影响着蓄热单元相变的进程,空穴的存在增加了容器内部的温度梯度,使得容器的蓄热能力降低;由于热管径向温差较小,热管壁温在相变材料熔点附近变化较小,从而在一定程度上能缓解热斑和热松脱现象。     

多基线组合求解深空航天器载波相位模糊方法

针对深空航天器高精度定位需求,提出多基线组合求解载波相位模糊方法,获得比群时延更精确的相时延,极大地提高无线电干涉测量精度。首先建立多基线组合求解载波相位模糊的数学模型,推导该方法对长短基线组合的约束条件。然后利用美国甚长基线阵(VLBA)对本文方法进行仿真校验,结果表明航天器定位精度可以达到纳弧度量级。最后结合我国已有干涉测量网,分析在我国未来深空探测任务中采用多基线组合测量载波相时延的可行性,给出满足方法约束的站址选择建议,可为我国深空导航无线电干涉测量技术的发展和深空测控网的完善提供参考。