通过全球专利分析看深空探测 自主导航与控制技术发展

深空探测作为人类航天活动的重要方向,是人类探索宇宙奥秘和寻求长久发展的必然途径,也是衡量一个国家综合国力和科学技术发展水平的重要标志.作为深空探测中的一类重要技术,自主导航与控制技术越来越多地受到关注并得到应用,成为各国深空探测技术研究和发展的热点之一.以深空探测自主导航与控制技术为对象,通过专利检索分析,研究国内外发展现状,试图获得技术趋势.     

由太阳和地磁参数构成的信鸽导航原理仿真

根据信鸽导航理论和相关试验结果的分析,确定太阳高和地磁场参数的组合可以形成信鸽导航的环境基础.通过分析信鸽对太阳高度角、地磁倾角参数的可能利用过程,结合信鸽飞行路径的特点,确认了信鸽方向判断原理和逐渐趋紧的过程,并在此基础上,通过计算机程序对信鸽导航过程和分型线路进行了模拟,结果较为符合信鸽的飞行特点,并对信鸽导航的初步原理进行了分析和解释.     

基于计算机视觉/GPS/MG姿态测量的盲人行走组合导航方法研究

电子导盲辅助装置(ETA)是解决盲人出行困难的重要手段,而导航是ETA的关键技术.现有的ETA主要用GPS来定位定向,但在城市环境中经常存在GPS信号遮挡导致导航信息丢失的问题.针对该问题,利用视觉导航短时间内定位精度高,输出连续的优点以及 MG(Magnetic Gravity)姿态测量可补偿姿态积累误差的优点,提出一种基于视觉、GPS和MG姿态测量的盲人行走组合导航算法.该方法构建系统误差模型并以Kalman滤波为框架.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的组合导航算法准确度优于单独的导航算法,满足盲人户外安全出行导航的需求.     

多无人机协同导航技术研究现状及进展

UAV是无人驾驶飞机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)的简称,无人机相较于有人驾驶飞机具有用途广泛、成本低和生存能力强等特点,在军事民用领域都有着广阔的前景,受到了国内外研究者的关注。协同导航技术极大地扩展了无人机的应用范围,提高了多无人机定位的精度以及无人机编队的稳定性、安全性和可靠性。现阶段协同导航技术在编队导航、目标监测与跟踪等诸多方面都得到了研究与应用。从四个层次对协同导航的研究现状和进展进行探讨:首先是对多无人机协同导航的概念、基本原理、国内外发展现状和必要性进行阐述;其次对协同导航中相对导航方式进行了分类分析,并分别介绍了无线电导航与视觉导航的原理、优缺点和应用场景;然后从导航目的、协同导航优化算法、滤波方法、协同导航信息融合容错策略几个方面对协同导航进行分析归纳;最后,讨论了基于多无人机协同导航未来的发展趋势。     

基于位置修正的轨迹测量方法研究

传统精密轨迹测量方法大都采用GPS、全站仪等设备,存在设备不易架设、数据不连续、对环境要求较高等缺点。针对该问题提出一种基于航位推算系统的轨迹测量方法。该方法在航位推算基础上引入了位置修正技术,通过起始点与终点坐标即可计算出系统俯仰角误差、方位角误差及里程仪标度因数误差。系统完成航位推算计算后,用求解出的系统误差对航位推算轨迹进行修正,即可获得高精度的轨迹数据。最后通过试验验证该方法可行,系统行进153m误差小于0.12m。     

根据两颗导航星信息估计捷联惯导系统误差的一种方法

针对高机动短时间飞行的飞行器,介绍了一种根据它相对2颗导航卫星的伪距离和伪速度信息,估计捷联惯导系统定位和定速度误差的方法.考虑到由确定飞行器相对每颗星的径向距离和速度的非线性方程施加的约束,根据这些误差矢量长度最小值的条件确定误差值.用空间解析几何法得出了计算捷联惯导系统误差估值的最终算法,这种算法能给出非线性最小值问题的精确解.     

分析插值误差和斜率的轨迹优化网格细化方法

提出一种基于插值误差和斜率分析的轨迹优化自适应网格细化方法,包括节点插入算法和节点删除算法。节点插入算法分析各个离散节点的控制变量的插值误差。若插值误差较大,则在该节点周围增加节点细化网格;否则,不进行细化。节点删除算法分析各个离散节点处的控制变量斜率。若某个节点的左斜率和右斜率都为零,那么删除该节点;否则,保留该节点。采用三个典型的轨迹优化算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性和特色,并且与其它几种网格细化方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明,本文方法生成的网格规模较小,需要的网格迭代次数较少,能够快速、高精度求解非光滑轨迹优化问题。     

Mining Spatial Associations with Limited Sensory Information

Abstract

Human navigation in an unknown environment requires an understanding of the spatial relationships of the terrain. For example, a soldier who is on a reconnaissance mission in a new city needs to “know” the spatial layout of the surroundings with high confidence. Oftentimes, this understanding must be acquired within a very short amount of time and with limited sensory inputs. The soldier would benefit from a digital avatar that draws inferences about the spatial layout of the city based on an initial set of observations and guides the soldier either in further exploring the environment or in making decisions based on these inferences. In this paper, we present and evaluate an inductive approach to learning spatial associations using sensory data that is available from the simulation environment of a computer game, Unreal Tournament. We study two kinds of spatial relationships between nodes on a level of a game map: nodes that are placed near each other to satisfy some spatial requirement and nodes that are placed near each other to satisfy the design preferences of a level architect. We show that we can infer both kinds of relationships using an association rule mining algorithm. Furthermore, we show how to use an ontology to distinguish between these relationships in order to discover different types of spatial arrangements on a specific map. We discuss how the inferred associations can be used to control an avatar that makes recommendations for navigating unexplored areas on a map. We conclude with some thoughts on the applicability of our methods to scenarios in the real world, beyond the simulation environment of a game, and on how the learned associations can be represented and queried by a simple question-answer type system.     

试论现代图书馆开展网络资源导航服务

计算机科学技术飞速发展，网络资源丰富杂乱，纸质资源捉襟见肘，通过阐述现代图书馆开展网络资源导航的必要性和可能性，找到现代图书馆的定位和方向，最后阐述现代图书馆开展网络资源导航的意义和价值。     

Matching suitable feature construction for SAR images based on evolutionary synthesis strategy

In the paper,a set of algorithms to construct synthetic aperture radar（SAR）matching suitable features are frstly proposed based on the evolutionary synthesis strategy.During the process,on the one hand,the indexes of primary matching suitable features（PMSFs）are designed based on the characteristics of image texture,SAR imaging and SAR matching algorithm,which is a process involving expertise;on the other hand,by designing a synthesized operation expression tree based on PMSFs,a much more flexible expression form of synthesized features is built,which greatly expands the construction space.Then,the genetic algorithm-based optimized searching process is employed to search the synthesized matching suitable feature（SMSF）with the highest effciency,largely improving the optimized searching effciency.In addition,the experimental results of the airborne synthetic aperture radar ortho-images of C-band and P-band show that the SMSFs gained via the algorithms can reflect the matching suitability of SAR images accurately and the matching probabilities of selected matching suitable areas of ortho-images could reach 99±0.5%.