航天器贮箱气液自由界面追踪数值模拟

主要讨论了航天器贮箱在轨道航行时的微重力状态下其液体推进剂在贮箱内的形态分布及控制.文中采用VOF方法,加入了表面张力的效应,追踪气液两相流的自由界面,对液面在微重力条件下的位形变化进行了数值模拟.通过比较不同重力加速度及接触角下的两相流的相图,分析了影响贮箱中液体推进剂位形变化的主要因素及对其有效的控制方法.     

Contact-free release dynamics of tens of stacked satellites with multiaxial rotations

Stacked satellites have a promising application in aerospace engineering for the merits of high launch efficiency and networking capability. As one of the key technical points, releasing tens or even hundreds of satellites from the stacked state in a simple and contact-free manner is of importance. In this paper, the contact-free release dynamics of tens of stacked satellites is studied with only the initial multiaxial rotations of the system. First of all, a rigid multibody dynamic model of the stacked satellite system is established via the natural coordinate formulation (NCF). The NCF modeling scheme is able to describe the large overall motions of the satellites without any singularity and makes it possible to simplify the varying constraints between the satellites. Then, the orbital dynamics of the stacked satellite system is derived via coordinate transformation by taking the Coriolis forces, centrifugal forces, and gravity gradient into consideration. In order to rapidly and accurately detect the possible contact between satellites, a convex optimization model for minimum distance computation is proposed by using a hyperelliptic approximation for a cubic satellite. Finally, a benchmark example is given to validate the contact detection algorithm and three release dynamic cases for the stacked satellites are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the contact-free releasing approach with multiaxial rotations.     

空间机器人在轨更换ORU的力/位混合控制方法

针对ORU在轨更换任务,首先推导了空间机械臂末端自由、末端与环境接触等情况下的动力学方程,并提出了相应的接触力计算方法;其次,改进了传统的R\|C控制方法,采用加权选择矩阵代替原有的选择矩阵,实现了力控制与位置控制之间的平滑切换;最后,开发了基于Matlab/Simulink的闭环控制仿真系统,该系统由多体动力学、接触动力学、轨迹规划、力/位混合控制、3D显示等模块组成。利用该系统开展了ORU转移与安装过程的闭环控制仿真,仿真结果校验了所提方法的有效性。     

Passive inter-modulation scattering analysis of reflector considering contact nonlinearity

 Passive inter-modulation (PIM) is a form of nonlinear distortion caused by the inherent nonlinearities of the passive devices and components in RF/microwave system. It will degenerate the performance of communication system with broad-band channel and high-sensitivity receiver. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model to simulate this process in order to predict the level of PIM. This paper is aimed at constructing some plate models with one-dimensional and two-dimensional contact nonlinearity sections illuminated by two-tone waves, and calculating the scattered field at a fixed-point in space using time-domain physical optics method. By taking fast Fourier transform (FFT), we get the spectrum of the scattered field and then analyze the generated PIM products. At the end of this paper, some numerical examples are presented to show the influence rules of the relative factors on PIM. The results indicate the variation of the level of PIM with the number of the nonlinear regions, the nonlinear spacing, and the incident power levels.     

Application of Contact Graph Routing in Satellite Delay Tolerant Networks

Satellite networks have many inherent advantages over terrestrial networks and have become an important part of the global network infrastructure. Routing aimed at satellite networks has become a hot and challenging research topic. Satellite networks, which are special kind of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN), can also adopt the routing solutions of DTN. Among the many routing proposals, Contact Graph Routing (CGR) is an excellent candidate, since it is designed particularly for use in highly deterministic space networks. The applicability of CGR in satellite networks is evaluated by utilizing the space oriented DTN gateway model based on OPNET(Optimized Network Engineering Tool). Link failures are solved with neighbor discovery mechanism and route recomputation. Earth observation scenario is used in the simulations to investigate CGR’s performance. The results show that the CGR performances are better in terms of effectively utilizing satellite networks resources to calculate continuous route path and alternative route can be successfully calculated under link failures by utilizing fault tolerance scheme.     

Review and propositions for the sliding/impact wear behavior in a contact interface

A thermal-solid-liquid complex operational environment induces structural interface developing a typical coupling sliding/impact wear behavior. It results in contact damage until systems fail, which may cause significant economic losses and catastrophic consequences. The key point of solving this problem is to reveal the coupling damage mechanism of the sliding/impact behavior in typical systems and life characterization under a complicate evolving environment. This has been a hot topic in the area of mechanical reliability. The main work in this paper can be concluded as follows. Firstly, the main industries in which the “sliding/impact behavior” takes place have been introduced. Then, existing studies on the wear mechanism and degree analysis are presented, which includes surface morphology analysis, wear debris analysis, and wear degree measurement. Meanwhile, existing problems in theoretical modeling and experiments in current research are summarized, so as to point out a bright direction for future research on wear prediction. They include interface contact modeling, mathematic coupling mechanism modeling, wear equation establishment, and wear life characterization, which can provide some new ideas for improving the existing studies on the sliding/impact wear behavior.     

图像法求液滴表面张力和接触角

空间流体实验具有无人操作的特殊性,需要对监控图像进行实时处理,得到目标参数.本文研究了利用照相机捕捉到的液滴灰度图像,分析求取液滴的表面张力、接触角、体积等物理参数的方法.针对液滴的灰度图像,利用边界提取、域值分割等图像处理方法,得到液滴的基本轮廓.建立基于液面像素点坐标的拉普拉斯方程,运用牛顿一拉夫逊法、龙格-库塔法、坐标轮换法等多种数值方法,对液滴的边界进行拟合,寻求最优的轮廓拟合点.根据最优的拟合点,确定液滴的物理参数.提出了利用牛顿法与一维寻优相结合的算法进行轮廓拟合的方法,并与文献[1]提出的算法进行了比较,证明了该方法具有收敛速度较快,拟合精度较高的特点.该方法是实现空间蒸发液滴热毛细对流和接触角测量实验的一项关键技术,同时也可以运用到非接触测量的实验场合.      

触点接触电阻的动态检测

定时器、继电器等电器靠触点闭合来控制电器系统的电流、电压或定时时间。这时，触点闭合时的接触电阻对电器的电气性能有很大影响，因而触点接触电阻是这类电器的重要技术参数。目前，企业中仍普遍采用手工、静态、抽检法来测量这一参数。这不仅检测效率低，而且与动态使用状况不一致。我们研制了触点电阻动态检测系统，大大提高了检测效率，并使动态检测与使用状态一致，对保证定时器、继电器等的可靠性有重要意义。     

旋转失效卫星的运动观测及消旋接触方案设计

以旋转失效卫星的消旋为研究背景,提出一种双重光流约束的特征点运动跟踪识别方法。该方法利用双目视觉,可实现对非合作旋转失效卫星的运动观测,并为机械臂消旋操作提供接触方案。首先,跟踪识别序列图像中稳定存在的特征点并记录其轨迹,采用频域分析的方法检测特征点轨迹的变化频率,从而获取目标旋转角速度,通过地面物理实验,验证所提目标运动观测的有效性;随后,利用特征点轨迹分析目标的运动包络与适宜接触区域,并根据目标运动特性和接触消旋的时间约束,给出完成消旋的接触强度约束,继而得到机械臂的操作性能需求,为接触式消旋的工程实践提供参考。     

空间伸展机构接触碰撞的动力学分析

本文以子结构离散的柔性多体系统动力学为基础，引入与碰撞有关的约束条件导出了描述碰撞过程的柔性多体系统的动力学方程。通过仿真计算可得到空间伸展机构撞击阶段的时间，构件在碰撞阶段的动力学响应；并从与约束方程相关的Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ乘子获得撞击力的变化规律。从而可较全面地描述空间伸展机构整个接触碰撞动力学过程。本文以伸展机构的两个构件碰撞过程的仿真为例详细介绍各种建模方法与计算方法。