PAR辅助光电设备的飞机着陆监测与评估系统设计

针对数据链在着陆阶段存在盲区和塔台无法获得着陆飞机实时姿态、接地参数等问题,提出利用多功能光电跟踪技术建立飞机着陆实时监测与评估系统,设计出飞机着陆监测与评估系统的技术方案。由于光电跟踪平台的视场有界,无法保证着陆飞机准确进入光电设备视场,采用精密进场雷达（PAR）牵引光电转台对准即将着陆飞机的方式,辅助光电设备捕获目标飞机,再经过图像检测算法处理,检测出目标飞机,进而转入跟踪锁定,计算出最终下降阶段目标飞机的姿态和偏航信息。详细阐述了该系统的PAR初始化光电设备的方法、步骤。该系统在飞机下降阶段辅助塔台指挥,实现整个着陆过程的监视与评估,满足未来作战飞机精密进近引导的着陆保障和训练要求,具有很高的实用价值。     

基于变精度遗传算法的翼型快速优化设计方法

低碳环保的电动飞机在要求较高升阻比的同时,需要尽量降低成本、缩短研制周期。但高精度的数值模拟时间代价很大,因此针对电动飞机翼型设计中初始翼型较难选取、优化速度较慢的问题,提出了一种基于变精度遗传算法的翼型多点快速优化方法。以常用的 Hicks-Henne 型函数为基础,改进了其对翼型后缘描述不精确的问题。在数值模拟阶段,介绍了一种快速气动参数计算软件XFOIL,并分析了该软件的适用性与局限。之后给出了使用XFOIL 与 Matlab 进行联合求解的方法,在无人干预的情况下完全实现了翼型设计与优化的自动化,提高了设计效率。在翼型优化阶段,为保持较高的精度和寻优效率,设计了翼型参数的实数编码方法。针对传统遗传优化算法了改进,设计了染色体变精度杂交方法以及动态惩罚方法。最后,给出了基于遗传算法的多点优化方案,以及翼型多目标快速优化一体化设计方案。仿真分成两部分进行,首先改进的 Hicks-Henne 型函数能够有效实现参数化翼型的后缘夹角改变。通过与 NSGA-II 方法的优化结果对比,本文的方法在一定迭代次数范围内获得的升阻比更高,失速特性更加缓和,特别是在综合提高翼型优化效率方面表现较好。仿真结果表明,该方法能够快速获得多种工况下具有较高升阻比的翼型,也可以作为进一步优化的初始翼型,能提高翼型优化效率。     

基于灰色关联TOPSIS 法的要地防空威胁评估

针对要地防空作战目标威胁评估问题,提出一种基于灰色关联TOPSIS的评估新方法对目标威胁进行综合 排序。首先,确立要地防空目标威胁评估指标体系,在对初始数据进行预处理的基础上采用熵权法和AHP法组合 确定指标权重,避免主观决策带来的误差。其次,依据量化理论对威胁评估指标进行定量处理,建立了基于灰色关 联TOPSIS法的威胁评估模型,运用灰色关联TOPSIS法计算相对贴近度参数,从而实现对空袭目标威胁大小的排 序。最后,通过防空作战目标威胁评估实例进行验证,结果表明该方法可靠有效。     

Systematic centroid error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF in an electronic star map simulator

Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.     

防空火力压制任务中反辐射无人机的作战效能研究

对防空火力压制(SEAD)任务中反辐射无人机的作战效能进行了研究。建立了SEAD效能的评估模型,根据模型中各指标的求解方法,给出了多反辐射无人机SEAD效能评估的仿真方法步骤,并通过算例对仿真方法进行了验证。结果表明,当敌方采取欺骗手段时,反辐射无人机的作战效能会减低很多,这与实际情况相符。该方法已在反辐射无人机SEAD效能的仿真研究中得到应用。     

基于HFACS的飞行事故人为差错分析方法研究

人为差错是飞行事故最主要的致因因素,分析飞行事故中人为差错特点,进一步采取预防措施,对于飞行安全至关重要。分析HFACS模型,把HFACS模型分解为两部分,包括飞行事故差错模式和差错成因。基于HFACS模型,结合专家主观评分法和灰色系统理论构建了适用于航空飞行事故的人为差错致因分析的综合分析模型。利用专家主观评分法对飞行操纵中的人为差错致因进行分析,利用灰色理论对飞行操纵人为差错的影响要素进行量化排序,并通过实例验证了所提出的方法的有效性。     

A seventh-order model for dynamic response of an electro-hydraulic servo valve

In this paper, taking two degrees of freedom on the armature–flapper assembly into account, a seventh-order model is deduced and proposed for the dynamic response of a two-stage electro-hydraulic servo valve from nonlinear equations. These deductions are based on fundamental laws of electromagnetism, fluid, and general mechanics. The coefficients of the proposed seventhorder model are derived in terms of servo valve physical parameters and fluid properties explicitly.For validating the results of the proposed model, an AMESim simulation model based on physical laws and the existing low-order models validated by other researchers through experiments are used to compare with the seventh-order model. The results show that the seventh-order model can reflect the physical behavior of the servo valve more explicitly than the existing low-order models and it could provide guidance more easily for a linear control design approach and sensitivity analysis than the AMESim simulation model.     

法国武器装备试验与评价组织管理体制

试验与评价是武器装备采办过程中十分重要的工作,可以及早发现问题,消除风险,验证关键技术和改进技术方案,从而辅助采办决策,确保交付部队装备的质量。法国的武器装备试验与评价管理在国防部所辖范围内开展,由武器装备部(DGA)主要负责,在其独立自主外交政策的指导下,体现出一些自己的特点。     

超声偏振横波与铝合金棒材内部应力的关系研究

利用垂直入射的偏振横波换能器,首先研究了偏振方向与铝合金棒材挤压方向成不同角度的超声横波速度的差异,然后对不同应力下与应力方向成不同角度偏振的超声横波速度的变化进行了研究。试验结果表明:在无应力时,平行于挤压方向偏振的横波和垂直于挤压方向偏振的横波的速度差异不大,棒材的各向异性对不同方向偏振横波速度的影响不明显。当施加应力后,平行于应力方向偏振的横波传播时间升高,垂直于应力方向偏振的横波传播时间降低;在剔除材料弹性变形所带来的声传播距离变化的影响后发现,平行于应力方向偏振的横波声速降低,垂直于应力方向偏振的横波声速升高;与偏振方向平行的应力对横波速度的影响大于与偏振方向垂直的应力对声速的影响。