Estimates of vertical land motion along the southwestern coasts of Turkey from coastal altimetry and tide gauge data

The differences between coastal altimetry and sea level time series of tide gauges in between March 1993 and December 2009 are used to estimate the rates of vertical land motion at three tide gauge locations along the southwestern coasts of Turkey. The CTOH/LEGOS along-track coastal altimetry retrieves altimetric sea level anomalies closer to the coast than the standard along-track altimetry products. However, the use of altimetry very close to the coast is not found to improve the results. On the contrary, the gridded and interpolated AVISO merged product exhibits the best agreement with tide gauge data as it provides the smoothest variability both in space and time compared with along track altimetry data. The Antalya gauge to the south (in the Mediterranean Sea) and the Mentes/Izmir gauge to the west (in the Aegean Sea) both show subsidence while the Bodrum tide gauge to the south (in the Aegean Sea) shows no significant vertical land motion. The results are compared and assessed with three independent geophysical vertical land motion estimates like from GPS. The GIA effect in the region is negligible. The VLM estimates from altimetry and tide gauge data are in good agreement both with GPS derived vertical velocity estimates and those inferred from geological and archaeological investigations.     

基于SSI模型的加速应力试验定量评估方法

为了解决传统应力-强度干涉模型(SSI,Stress-Strength Interference)不能对加速应力试验(AST,Accelerated Stress Testing)进行可靠性指标随时间变化的定量评估问题,针对应力和强度均引入了随机过程进行描述.首先假设了产品强度退化过程和应力变化分别为漂移布朗运动和对称布朗运动.其次,为了解决Basu的布朗运动SSI模型在零时刻可靠度为1的问题,从工程角度,假设产品设计制造过程与试验或使用过程相互独立,提出了产品可靠性是设计生产决定的固有可靠性以及试验使用过程确定的使用可靠性的串联结果.通过将传统应力强度干涉模型结合Basu的布朗运动SSI模型,建立了与时间相关的应力强度干涉模型IMSDⅠ,并给出了相关评估方法.基于将加速应力试验与加速退化试验相结合,改进了已有的AST试验方法,扩大了试验数据量,最后,通过仿真算例验证了本文模型和评估方法的理论正确性和工程可实施性.      

球形粒子在流体中的跟随性

本文从Maxey和Riley的粒子运动基本方程出发,得到了球形固体粒子在相对流动雷诺数很小情形下的分析解。讨论了粒子跟随性对外力、初始条件和流场性质的依赖关系;对均匀湍流场,分析了不同密度比和扰动频率对跟随性的影响     

基于偏振约束的立体视频快速运动估计算法

分析了平行双目立体摄像系统的偏振约束特性,提出了一种基于偏振约束的立体视频快速运动估计算法.左通道和右通道分别作为基本层和增强层,对右通道结合视差估计和运动估计得到最优的运动矢量预测值初值,采用不同的运动搜索方法,确定右通道最终运动矢量.若最优的运动矢量预测值是由视差估计得到的左通道运动矢量,则根据偏振约束,左右通道图像对应编码块的运动矢量在垂直方向上的分量相等,因而右通道只在水平方向上进行小范围的运动估计搜索,从而大大降低了右通道运动估计的计算复杂度.实验结果表明,在相同条件下,采用该算法编码一帧图像的运动估计平均时间分别只有采用全搜索块匹配算法、钻石搜索法和三步搜索法的0.27,0.58和0.67倍,编码速度得到显著提高.     

具有外部扰动及不确定系统参数的漂浮基空间机器人关节运动的增广鲁棒控制

讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的漂浮基空间机器人系统的鲁棒控制问题. 利用拉格朗日方法及系统动量守恒关系导出了漂浮基空间机器人欠驱动形式的系统动力学方程, 以确保得到的系统动力学方程关于一组适当选择的组合惯性参数呈线性函数关系. 在此基础上, 借助增广变量法针对末端爪手所持载荷参数存在不确定的情况, 提出了对外部扰动具有鲁棒性的漂浮基空间机器人关节空间轨迹跟踪的拟增广鲁棒控制方案. 所提控制方案由于充分利用空间机器人系统动量守恒关系, 消除了动力学方程中载体位置相关量, 因此具有不需要测量、反馈载体的位置、移动速度和移动加速度的显著优点; 且由于对系统不确定参数及外部扰动始终采用保持鲁棒性的方式而非在线估计的方式, 有效减少了计算量, 因此更适用于机载计算机运算能力有限的空间机器人控制系统实时在线应用. 一个平面两杆空间机器人系统的数值模拟仿真, 证实了方法的有效性.     

Refining DORIS atmospheric drag estimation in preparation of ITRF2008

In preparation of ITRF2008, all geodetic technique services (VLBI, SLR, GPS and DORIS) are generating new solutions based on combination of individual analysis centers solutions. These data reprocessing are based on a selection of models, parameterization and estimation strategy unique to each analysis center and to each technique. While a good agreement can be found for models between groups, thanks to the existence of the IERS conventions, a great diversity still exist for parameter estimation, allowing possible future improvements in this direction. The goal of this study is to focus on the atmospheric drag estimation used to generate the new DORIS/IGN ignwd08 time series prepared for ITRF2008. We develop here a method to inter-compare different processing strategies. In a first step, by analyzing single-satellite solutions for a few weeks of data but for a large number of possible analysis strategies, we demonstrate that estimating drag coefficient more frequently (typically every 1–2 h instead of previously every 4–8 h) for the lowest DORIS satellites (SPOTs and Envisat) provides better geodetic results for station coordinates and polar motion. This new processing strategy also solved earlier problem found when processing DORIS data during intense geomagnetic events, such as geomagnetic storms. Differences between drag estimation strategies can mostly be found during these few specific periods of extreme geomagnetic activity (few days per year). In such a case, when drag coefficient is only estimated every 6 h or less often for single-satellite solution, a significant degradation in station coordinate accuracy can be observed (120 mm vs. 20 mm) and significant biases arose in polar motion estimation (5 mas vs. 0.3 mas). In a second step, we reprocessed a full year of DORIS data (2003) in a standard multi-satellite mode. We were able to provide statistics on a more reliable data set and to strengthen these conclusions. Our proposed DORIS analysis is easy to implement in all software packages and is now already used by several analysis centers of the International DORIS Service (IDS) when submitting reprocessed solutions for ITRF2008.     

IDS contribution to ITRF2008

For the first time, the International DORIS Service (IDS) has produced a technique level combination based on the contributions of seven analysis centers (ACs), including the European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP), Geoscience Australia (GAU), the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), the Institut Géographique National (IGN), the Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN, named as INA), and CNES/CLS (named as LCA). The ACs used five different software packages to process the DORIS data from 1992 to 2008, including NAPEOS (ESA), Bernese (GOP), GEODYN (GAU, GSC), GIPSY/OASIS (INA), and GINS (LCA). The data from seven DORIS satellites, TOPEX/Poseidon, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5, Envisat and Jason-1 were processed and all the analysis centers produced weekly SINEX files in either variance–covariance or normal equation format. The processing by the analysis centers used the latest GRACE-derived gravity models, forward modelling of atmospheric gravity, updates to the radiation pressure modelling to improve the DORIS geocenter solutions, denser parameterization of empirically determined drag coefficients to improve station and EOP solutions, especially near the solar maximum in 2001–2002, updated troposphere mapping functions, and an ITRF2005-derived station set for orbit determination, DPOD2005. The CATREF software was used to process the weekly AC solutions, and produce three iterations of an IDS global weekly combination. Between the development of the initial solution IDS-1, and the final solution, IDS-3, the ACs improved their analysis strategies and submitted updated solutions to eliminate troposphere-derived biases in the solution scale, to reduce drag-related degradations in station positioning, and to refine the estimation strategy to improve the combination geocenter solution. An analysis of the frequency content of the individual AC geocenter and scale solutions was used as the basis to define the scale and geocenter of the IDS-3 combination. The final IDS-3 combination has an internal position consistency (WRMS) that is 15 to 20 mm before 2002 and 8 to 10 mm after 2002, when 4 or 5 satellites contribute to the weekly solutions. The final IDS-3 combination includes solutions for 130 DORIS stations on 67 different sites of which 35 have occupations over 16 years (1993.0–2009.0). The EOPs from the IDS-3 combination were compared with the IERS 05 C04 time series and the RMS agreement was 0.24 mas and 0.35 mas for the X and Y components of polar motion. The comparison to ITRF2005 in station position shows an agreement of 6 to 8 mm RMS in horizontal and 10.3 mm in height. The RMS comparison to ITRF2005 in station velocity is at 1.8 mm/year on the East component, to 1.2 mm/year in North component and 1.6 mm/year in height.     

航天器交会快速接近机动策略

对航天器交会接近段V-bar上保持点间的转移,单向(轨道径向或周向)推力机动的最短转移时间为半个轨道周期(对应双径向推力冲量)。若要求转移时间小于半个轨道周期,须采用双向(径向与周向联合)推力。为此,提出5种机动方案:1)起点双向冲量与终点双向冲量机动;2)途中双向连续推力机动;3)起点双向冲量与途中双向连续推力机动;4)途中双向连续推力与终点双向冲量机动;5)起点切向冲量与途中径向连续推力及终点切向冲量机动(即直线路径转移)。其中,方案1)(冲量机动)的速度增量最小,但轨迹视界角最大;方案5)(直线路径)的视界角最小(近似为零),但当转移时间T>0.292P(P为轨道周期)时,所需的速度增量较大。机动方案的选择应全面考虑转移轨迹安全性、速度增量需求、转移轨迹视界角,以及机动复杂程度等多方面因素。若视界角可满足总体设计要求,宜选择方案1);当T<0.292P时,也可考虑方案5)。     

Effects of process parameters on mechanical properties of abrasive-assisted electroformed nickel

A cathode mandrel with translational and rotational motion, which was supposed to obtain uniform friction effect on surface, was employed in abrasive-assisted electroforming for revolving parts with complex profile. The effects of current density, translational speed and rotational speed on the deposit properties were studied by orthogonal test. The tensile strength, elongation and micro hardness value were measured to find out how the factors affected the properties. The optimized results show that changes of current density affect the tensile strength of nickel layer most, while translational speed has the most remarkable influences on both elonga-tion and micro hardness. The low rotational speed affects the properties least. In this experiment, a smooth nickel layer with tensile strength 581 MPa, elongation 17%and micro hardness 248HV is obtained by the orthogonal test.     

双三角翼俯仰振荡运动的流场特性数值模拟

 建立了适用于双三角翼大迎角非定常分离流场模拟的数值方法,研究双三角翼俯仰振荡时的动态流场特性,给出动态流场结构和气动力性能随迎角的变化规律,重点考察了减缩频率、转轴位置、平均迎角和振幅等参数对动态流场迟滞效应和气动力曲线迟滞环的影响。研究结果表明:俯仰振荡到相同大迎角时上仰和下俯的流场存在明显差异;减缩频率对气动力迟滞效应的影响相对大于转轴位置;平均迎角的变化导致双三角翼背风区流场结构呈现不同流态,而振幅的大小决定这些流态的数目,事实上俯仰运动时如果跨越的流态数目越多则流场结构的动态响应滞后现象就越显著。通过数值分析,有利于提高对双三角翼在俯仰振荡运动条件下的非定常特性和流场滞后效应等非线性现象的认识。