空间光学相机调焦技术研究

调焦技术是空间光学相机研制的关键技术之一,对于保证相机成像质量具有重要作用.文章阐述了造成相机离焦的主要因素,在调研分析国内外空间光学相机调焦方式的基础上,对相机调焦方式的选用原则进行了归纳,并介绍了常用调焦机构的基本结构形式和优缺点,以及具有发展前景的调焦光学元件,可为相机调焦技术的研究提供借鉴和帮助.     

青海玉树地震遥感监测应用研究

青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生里氏7.1级地震后,作为我国减灾救灾决策支持单位,民政部卫星减灾应用中心(民政部国家减灾中心)根据国家减灾委、民政部救灾应急响应启动情况和部救灾总指挥部的统一部署,立即启动<应对突发性自然灾害空间技术响应工作规程>,实行24h业务值班制度,以高分辨率卫星和航空遥感数据为主,开展灾害监测与评...     

国外地球同步轨道遥感卫星发展初步研究

地球同步轨道遥感卫星因具备高时效性及持续探测能力等优势,已成为当前国际遥感卫星领域一个重要的发展方向。文章围绕地球同步轨道遥感卫星,重点针对光学、微波、电子侦察等国际地球同步轨道遥感卫星及卫星平台发展动态、发展趋势开展了调研与分析,梳理出国际发展情况对中国地球同步轨道遥感卫星领域发展的启示。文章从地球同步轨道遥感卫星领域发展战略的高度,进一步提出支撑该领域发展需重点突破的关键技术。     

FADS压力传感器延迟补偿

嵌入式大气数据传感器系统通过在飞行器各部位的压力传感器阵进行工作,当大气密度较低时,压力传感器延迟时间过长,致使FADS测量精度减低,甚至无法正常工作.通过对压力传感器延迟产生的机理进行分析,提出相位超前校正网络延迟补偿的方法,合理选取超前校正网络参数,并适当减小连接压力传感器与机体表面的细管长度,可以有效减小传感器延迟,使FADS的可使用空域由35km增大到60km.相位超前校正网络延迟补偿方法具有效果明显且易于工程实现的优点.     

航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC

简要介绍了成像链、成像系统和遥感系统的概念;对像质和像质差异的表征和度量、成像系统性能的表征等予以说明;重点探讨航天光学采样成像系统MTF的优化设计与MTFC问题,并给出讨论结果。     

航天光学遥感器光学装调技术现状与展望

航天光学遥感器工作于太空中,长期恶劣的空间环境及短暂发射入轨时的状态对光学系统的设计与装调提出了苛刻的要求,确保光学系统在轨像质优异是航天光学遥感器研制的关键技术.文章结合国际上航天光学遥感器的发展需求对光学系统装调技术及发展现状进行了分析、总结,提出了中国后续航天光学遥感器装调与测试技术的突破方向.     

Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES), a review: Past,present and future

The Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) project’s objectives are to measure the reflected solar radiance (shortwave) and Earth-emitted (longwave) radiances and from these measurements to compute the shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface and radiation divergence within the atmosphere. The fluxes at TOA are to be retrieved to an accuracy of 2%. Improved bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) have been developed to compute the fluxes at TOA from the measured radiances with errors reduced from ERBE by a factor of two or more. Instruments aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft provide sampling at four local times. In order to further reduce temporal sampling errors, data are used from the geostationary meteorological satellites to account for changes of scenes between observations by the CERES radiometers.     

GNSS reflectometry and remote sensing: New objectives and results

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been a very powerful and important contributor to all scientific questions related to precise positioning on Earth’s surface, particularly as a mature technique in geodesy and geosciences. With the development of GNSS as a satellite microwave (L-band) technique, more and wider applications and new potentials are explored and utilized. The versatile and available GNSS signals can image the Earth’s surface environments as a new, highly precise, continuous, all-weather and near-real-time remote sensing tool. The refracted signals from GNSS radio occultation satellites together with ground GNSS observations can provide the high-resolution tropospheric water vapor, temperature and pressure, tropopause parameters and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and electron density profile as well. The GNSS reflected signals from the ocean and land surface could determine the ocean height, wind speed and wind direction of ocean surface, soil moisture, ice and snow thickness. In this paper, GNSS remote sensing applications in the atmosphere, oceans, land and hydrology are presented as well as new objectives and results discussed.     

Subsidence rate monitoring of Aghajari oil field based on Differential SAR Interferometry

Land subsidence, due to natural or anthropogenic processes, causes significant costs in both economic and structural aspects. That part of subsidence observed most is the result of human activities, which relates to underground exploitation. Since the gradual surface deformation is a consequence of hydrocarbon reservoirs extraction, the process of displacement monitoring is amongst the petroleum industry priorities. Nowadays, Differential SAR Interferometry, in which satellite images are utilized for elevation change detection and analysis – in a millimetre scale, has proved to be a more real-time and cost-effective technology in contrast to the traditional surveying method. In this study, surface displacements in Aghajari oil field, i.e. one of the most industrious Iranian hydrocarbon sites, are being examined using radar observations. As in a number of interferograms, the production wells inspection reveals that surface deformation signals develop likely due to extraction in a period of several months. In other words, different subsidence or uplift rates and deformation styles occur locally depending on the geological conditions and excavation rates in place.     

Temperature comparison between CHAMP radio occultation and TIMED/SABER measurements in the lower stratosphere

Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, one of four on board the TIMED satellite, provide middle atmosphere temperature profiles by Radio Occultation (RO) and limb viewing infrared emission measurements, respectively. These temperature profiles retrieved by two different techniques in the stratosphere are compared with each other using more than 1300 correlative profiles in March, September and December 2005. The over-all mean differences averaged over 15 and 35 km are approximately −2 K and standard deviation is less than 3 K. Below 20 km of altitude, relatively small mean temperature differences ∼1 K are observed in wide latitudinal range except for June (during the SABER nighttime observation). In the middle to low latitudes, between 30°S and 30°N, the temperature difference increases with height from ∼0–1 K at 15 km, to ∼−4 K at 35 km of altitude. Large temperature differences about −4 to −6 K are observed between 60°S and 30°N and 31–35 km of altitude for all months and between 0° and 30°N below 16 km during June (nighttime).