星载遥感图像压缩编码技术综述

星载遥感图像压缩是星载遥感技术的瓶颈之一。文中简要分析遥感图像压缩的现状、基本要求和核心技术 ,并着重讨论三种优秀遥感图像压缩算法。最后提出对未来遥感图像编码的研究建议     

碳纳米管薄膜传感器及其应变传感特性

碳纳米管薄膜可作为应变传感器用于结构损伤的健康监测。采用机械搅拌、超声处理和高速离心等分散工艺将多壁碳纳米管单分散后,通过真空吸滤法制备碳纳米管薄膜。对碳纳米管薄膜传感器进行了深入的研究,设计了一种高灵敏度的碳纳管薄膜应变传感器,与结构基体一体成型。弯曲应变传感实验表明碳纳米管薄膜传感器在不同的应变范围、不同的循环次数、不同的温度范围等条件下都具有良好的应变传感特性。结果表明碳纳米管薄膜传感器灵敏度较高,灵敏度系数为188.31(0~22 500 με),且具有较好的应变传感可逆性和可重复性。      

基于UKF的FADS/INS融合大气数据估计

针对飞行器在高速飞行时受气流干扰、惯性数据易发散等问题,从传感器数据融合角度出发,提出了通过无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)融合嵌入式大气数据观测系统(FADS)和惯性导航系统(INS)估计飞行器实时大气数据的算法。算法使用高维度非线性方程对惯性系统和大气系统间的关系建模,结合FADS与INS的数据,计算飞行器速度和高度,进而估算出攻角、侧滑角等参数。实验结果显示,与INS直接解算、扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)融合等原有估计方法相比,文章所述的算法在估计精度和系统稳定性方面均有所提高。     

基于人类视觉特性的遥感图像优化显示及应用

在分析遥感图像主观质量（Subjectivequality）评价的基础上,提出基于人类视觉特性的优化显示技术．并应用于遥感图像压缩、相对辐射校正评价和噪声估计。结果表明：当图像以50％比例放大时,处理前后的效果不明显：以100％比例放大时,差异性开始出现;当显示比例提高到200％时,图像的噪声、条纹及退化现象比较容易发现与识别。因此,当需要比较两幅图像差异及监测图像质量变化时,建议显示比例设为200％。上述成果已成功应用于CBERS-02B卫星HR相机及后续高分辨率相机压缩方案的评价,也用于中国卫星遥感地面处理系统的图像质量监测。     

Earth observation from space – The issue of environmental sustainability

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following:1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions.2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts.3. Minimization of Type 1 error, which provides increased confidence in the experimental outcome, is the best way to assess the significance of environmental change.4. Large-area remote sensing investigations, i.e. national, continental, global studies, are best done from space.5. National space missions should trump international, cooperative space missions to ensure national control and distribution of the data products.At best, all of these points are arguable, and in some cases, they're wrong. Development of observational space systems that are compatible with sustainability principles should be a primary concern when Earth remote sensing space systems are envisioned, designed, and launched. The discussion is based on the hypothesis that reducing the environmental impacts of the data acquisition step, which is at the very beginning of the information stream leading to decision and action, will enhance coherence in the information stream and strengthen the capacity of measurement processes to meet their stated functional goal, i.e. sustainable management of Earth resources. We suggest that unconventional points of view should be adopted and when appropriate, remedial measures considered that could help to reduce the environmental footprint of space remote sensing and of Earth observation and monitoring systems in general. This article discusses these five assumptions in the context of sustainable management of Earth's resources. Taking each assumption in turn, we find the following:(1) Space debris may limit access to Low Earth Orbit over the next decades.(2) Relatively speaking, given that they're rare event, space launches may be benign, but study is merited on upper stratospheric and exospheric layers given the chemical activity associated with rocket combustion by-products.(3) Minimization of Type II error should be considered in situations where minimization of Type I error greatly hampers or precludes our ability to correct the environmental condition being studied.(4) In certain situations, airborne collects may be less expensive and more environmentally benign, and comparative studies should be done to determine which path is wisest.(5) International cooperation and data sharing will reduce instrument and launch costs and mission redundancy. Given fiscal concerns of most of the major space agencies – e.g. NASA, ESA, CNES – it seems prudent to combine resources.     

分布式光纤测温系统及高速数据采集与处理

分布式光纤测温系统是一种用于实时测量空间温度场分布的光纤传感系统 ,在系统中 ,光纤本身既是传输媒体也是传感媒体。讨论了系统的工作原理、设计思想、系统构成、高速数据采集以及瞬态采样平均技术 ,该系统已应用于石油测井。     

用于遥感卫星数传的新型波导阵列组合天线

从新的设计理念出发，提出一种新型的波导十字阵列组合辐射天线替代了赋形反射面天线，用于低轨遥感卫星的数传系统。文中论述了该天线的设计思路、设计过程，并列出了天线的主要性能。最后还简述了该天线在国内卫星上的应用及我国未来低轨遥感卫星数传天线的发展趋势。该天线已在我国多个卫星上成功应用。这种波导阵列组合天线结构紧凑、尺寸小，具有与国外通用的赋形反射面天线基本类似的性能，可达到星载数传天线的预定要求，而且为星载遥感器及其他载荷留出了更大的对地安装空间。     

星载多频段双极化共馈微波辐射计天线

作为“神州四号飞船”留轨段主载荷的多模态微波遥感系统中的微波辐射计天线是我国第一个工作到毫米波段的航天器天线，其工作频段跨越近6个倍频程，采用了多频、双极化共馈源偏置抛物反射面天线系统，首次应用就获成功。本文着重阐述该微波辐射计天线的多频、双极化共馈系统设计和毫米波高精度反射面天线的实现。文中还介绍了空间反射面天线的计算机机电热一体化设计。     

实验室条件下IRMSS遥感器MTF与遥感图像参数的相关分析设计与性能评估

调制传递函数MTF(ModuleTransferFunction)在物理光学理论中 ,是光学系统成像性能的综合评价指标。遥感器MTF的性能变化会导致遥感图像的质量变化 ,遥感图像质量的变化则导致描述遥感图像的参数的变化。文章以CBERS - 1的 0 2星IRMSS遥感器为例 ,在实验室条件下模拟遥感器在轨运行的成像过程并获得图像数据 ,MTF可通过专业仪器直接测量 ,然后再进行MTF与遥感图像参数的相关分析 ,从而确定出与MTF相关性最强的图像参数。文章的相关分析采用SPSS统计分析软件完成     

多角度多光谱遥感技术

文中以EOS平台上配置的多角度成像光谱辐射计(MISR)为例,对多角度多光谱遥感技术的科学目标以及仪器基本概念、组成、关键技术和数据应用进行了讨论。