民机项目风险识别方法研究

民机项目风险识别是项目管理者识别风险来源、确定风险发生条件、描述风险特征并评价风险影响的重要过程。民机项目要取得成功需要实现对项目研制生命周期的风险管控,有效风险识别是风险管控中最重要、最前沿的一个环节。通过比较不同风险识别方法的优劣,探讨一套更适用于民机研制的风险识别方法,并对其可行性和可操作性进行阐述。     

New reference trajectory optimization algorithm for a flight management system inspired in beam search

With the objective of reducing the flight cost and the amount of polluting emissions released in the atmosphere, a new optimization algorithm considering the climb, cruise and descent phases is presented for the reference vertical flight trajectory. The selection of the reference vertical navigation speeds and altitudes was solved as a discrete combinatory problem by means of a graphtree passing through nodes using the beam search optimization technique. To achieve a compromise between the execution time and the algorithm's ability to find the global optimal solution, a heuristic methodology introducing a parameter called ‘‘optimism coefficient was used in order to estimate the trajectory's flight cost at every node. The optimal trajectory cost obtained with the developed algorithm was compared with the cost of the optimal trajectory provided by a commercial flight management system(FMS). The global optimal solution was validated against an exhaustive search algorithm(ESA), other than the proposed algorithm. The developed algorithm takes into account weather effects, step climbs during cruise and air traffic management constraints such as constant altitude segments, constant cruise Mach, and a pre-defined reference lateral navigation route. The aircraft fuel burn was computed using a numerical performance model which was created and validated using flight test experimental data.     

Application of reliability technologies in civil aviation: Lessons learnt and perspectives

We consider reliability engineering in modern civil aviation industry, and the related engineering activities and methods. We consider reliability in a broad sense, referring to other system characteristics that are related to it, like availability, maintainability, safety and durability. We covered the entire lifecycle of the equipment, including reliability requirement identification, reliability analysis and design, verification and validation of reliability requirements (typically involved in the equipment design and development phase), quality assurance (which typically enters in the manufacturing phase), and fault diagnosis and prognosis and maintenance (which are connected to the operation phase). Lessons learnt from reliability engineering practices in civil aviation industry are given, which might serve as reference for reliability managers and engineers, also from other industries with high reliability requirements.     

珠海一号高光谱卫星辐射精度真实性检验研究

“珠海一号（OHS）”高光谱商业遥感卫星数据在国民经济建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。当前,针对商业遥感卫星数据质量精度的验证和评价研究成果较少。本文基于地面实测数据,对OHS卫星高光谱数据的辐射精度进行了真实性检验和定量分析。结果表明：OHS卫星表观辐亮度与实测结果具有较好的线性相关关系,相关系数R²大于0.7。与实测结果相比,OHS卫星各通道表观辐亮度值整体偏低,但两者光谱曲线形态基本一致。随着时间的推移,OHS传感器性能可能存在衰减,不同通道的衰减程度不一;在31个通道中,与实测值之间的相对差异在20%以内的通道数为9个;在20%~30%之间为14个,30%~40%为8个。     

民用飞机后机身与尾段在球面框处对接研究

民用飞机后机身与尾段的对接往往选择球面框(后压力隔框)位置,球面框是机身气密线的末端,该处的对接设计需要从传力、重量、成本、装配、维修、排水等多方面进行考虑,是民用飞机机体结构设计中非常重要的一个环节。针对民用飞机中后机身与尾段的连接特点,从传力等考虑要素入手,介绍了目前国际上典型机型的成熟方案,并进行方案优缺点分析、比较和总结,为我国民用飞机结构设计提供借鉴。     

纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用

纳米光催化技术是一种新型的空气净化技术,近年来已成为空气净化领域的研究热点之一。本文简要介绍了纳米光催化技术的发展历史、净化机理以及国内外的研究进展;分析了实际应用中存在的问题;并指出了纳米光催化技术在客机座舱空气质量控制中的应用前景。     

国内外智能制造的发展及对我国商用航空发动机发展的启示

多个国家在全球范围内部署了智能制造发展战略,建设航空发动机智能工厂是《中国制造2025》重点支持的方向。通过介绍国外商用航空发动机公司智能制造发展现状,探讨我国建设商用航空发动机智能工厂的关键问题,明确发展行业智能制造标准化工具,促进产品智能化改造,实现生产组织数字化、网络化、智能化是实现商用航空发动机智能制造的关键技术手段。     

Shaping a legal framework for the commercial use of outer space: recommendations and conclusions from Project 2001

Private and commercial activity in outer space still poses challenges to space law and policy. Within ‘Project 2001’—a legal research project by the University of Cologne's Institute of Air and Space Law and the German Aerospace Center (DLR)—six international expert working groups examined international and national laws, in order to identify gaps and, where necessary, propose improvements to the present legal framework for private space activities. The results were presented and discussed at an international colloquium in May 2001 in Cologne, Germany, where final conclusions have been drawn. This report presents a summary of the project's work and main conclusions, which are documented in full in a comprehensive book to be published in May 2002.