Local debris congestion in the geosynchronous environment with population augmentation

Forecasting of localized debris congestion in the geostationary (GEO) regime is performed to investigate how frequently near-miss events occur for each of the longitude slots in the GEO ring. The present-day resident space object (RSO) population at GEO is propagated forward in time to determine current debris congestion conditions, and new probability density functions that describe where GEO satellites are inserted into operational orbits are harnessed to assess longitude-dependent congestion in “business-as-usual” launch traffic, with and without re-orbiting at end-of-life. Congestion forecasting for a 50-year period is presented to illustrate the need for appropriately executed mitigation measures in the GEO ring. Results indicate that localized debris congestion will double within 50 years under current 80% re-orbiting success rates.     

CHANG'E-2 lunar escape maneuvers to the Sun–Earth L2 libration point mission

This paper addresses lunar escape maneuvers of the first Chinese Sun–Earth L2 libration point mission by the CHANG'E-2 satellite, which is also the world's first satellite to reach the L2 point from a lunar orbit. The lunar escape maneuvers are heavily constrained by the remaining propellant and the condition of telemetry, track and command, among others. First, these constraints are analyzed and summarized to design a target L2 Lissajous orbit and an initial transfer trajectory. Second, the maneuver mathematical models are studied. The multilevel maneuver schemes which consist of phasing maneuvers and a final lunar escape maneuver are designed for actual operations. Based on the scheme analysis and comparison, the 2-maneuver scheme with a 5.3-h-period phasing orbit is ultimately selected. Finally, the mission status based on the scheme is presented and the control operation results are discussed in detail. The methodology in this paper is especially beneficial and applicable to a future multi-mission instance in the deep space exploration.     

Cubature Kalman filtering for relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation

A novel relative spacecraft attitude and position estimation approach based on cubature Kalman filter is derived. The integrated sensor suit comprises the gyro sensors on each spacecraft and a vision-based navigation system on the deputy spacecraft. In the traditional algorithm, an assumption that the chief?s body frame coincides with its Local Vertical Local Horizontal (LVLH) frame is made to construct the line-of-sight observations for convenience. To solve this problem, two relative quaternions that map the chief?s LVLH frame to the deputy and chief body frames are involved. The general relative equations of motion for eccentric orbits are used to describe the positional dynamics. The implementation equations for the cubature Kalman filter are derived. Simulation results indicate that the proposed filter provides more accurate estimates of relative attitude and position over than the extended Kalman filter.     

月球轨道交会任务的远程导引变轨策略研究

对国内外月球轨道交会远程导引段变轨策略的2~5脉冲变轨方案进行了比较分析,在考虑月球轨道交会飞行任务测控资源有限和航天器所带燃料受限等特点的基础上,确定了我国月球轨道交会远程导引段的变轨策略为4脉冲方案;并介绍了在4脉冲基线轨道方案的基础上,进行标称轨道设计和月面上升窗口初步分析的结果。研究结果可为我国月球轨道交会对接任务提供参考。     

星载接收机通道时延实时校准方法

针对星间钟差测量及时间频率的精确传递的需求,通常情况都会在地面对卫星的收发通道时延进行准确标定,但在空间环境下设备老化和环境温度变化会导致收发通道时延逐渐偏离标定值。利用伪码相关测距的原理,结合时分早迟伪码相位交替调制技术和包络检波技术,提出了一种在轨通道时延自校准方法。通过3条闭合测量环路的建立,在不影响接收机正常收发通信的情况下,实时校准其收发通道时延。结果表明,该方法时延测量精度达到亚纳秒量级。     

一种基于多终端约束的最优制导方法

在航天器主发动机推力大小不可调的前提下,针对5个终端约束下传统迭代制导小角度修正假设的不足,对一种基于多终端约束的最优制导方法进行了研究。在入轨点轨道坐标系下建立航天器的最优控制模型,对横截条件方程组直接进行迭代求解获得制导角度指令,在此基础上,通过对开关机点进行优化以减小未被满足的终端位置约束的影响;进一步,推导了地心惯性系下等效的5个终端约束,并通过引入权重因子来提高制导方程数值求解的精度。标准条件下的仿真结果表明,所提制导方法与传统迭代制导相比,未被满足的终端位置约束精度提高了1595355m,而其余5个终端约束几乎不受影响;蒙特卡罗打靶仿真结果表明,所提制导方法对航天器初始位置和速度偏差具有一定的适用性。     

基于时差频差角度的低轨双星动目标融合跟踪方法

针对低轨双星时差频差定位系统在对运动目标定位中忽略其运动速度会引起较大的定位偏差以及定位跟踪的初值选取等问题,提出了一种对运动目标的双星时差频差信息融合主星的二维到达角（AOA）信息的融合无源跟踪新方法。首先建立测量模型和等高程目标运动状态模型,在此基础上采用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）方法对运动目标进行跟踪定位。仿真分析表明,该方法可达到克拉美‐罗下限（CRLB ）,且收敛后对目标的速度和航向估计有较大的提高。     

椭圆轨道非合作目标交会接近策略与控制

文章研究了追踪航天器与失控旋转非合作目标航天器在椭圆轨道中的交会接近策略与控制。在接近策略方面,首先,根据目标航天器大致结构设定一个安全的停泊点,使追踪航天器交会至停泊点;其次,通过在停泊点对旋转目标航天器姿态的观测,分析和预测其运动并确定合适的抓捕点位置,设计安全的接近轨迹,使追踪航天器沿着该轨迹接近至理想的抓捕实施点位置。在控制方面,考虑实际系统中的不确定性,只利用两航天器之间相对位置的测量信息,设计基于特征模型的自适应控制方法实现交会接近。最后通过数学仿真模拟整个交会接近过程,验证了文中所提出的接近策略和控制方法。     

北斗卫星导航系统实时定轨与钟差处理策略

目前鲜有对北斗卫星导航系统（BeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem,BDS）实时精密定轨与钟差确定的研究,文章提出了BDS实时轨道与实时钟差处理策略,包括了观测与动力学模型、实时轨道与实时钟差处理流程与评估方法。尤其对于实时钟差,为了提高计算效率,联合使用两个独立并行的线程估计非差绝对钟差和历元间相对钟差。利用多模全球卫星导航系统试验(MGEX)与全球连续检测评估系统（iGMAS）实测数据进行了北斗实时轨道与钟差解算,BDS实时轨道径向平均精度对于GEO卫星优于20cm,对于IGSO与MEO一般优于10cm;钟差精度对于GEO卫星为0.5~4.5ns,对于IGSO／MEO为0.2~2.0ns。基于目前的轨道与钟差结果,实时精密单点定位（PrecisePointPositioning,PPP）结果可以达到分米量级。     

大偏心率轨道星上快速计算方法

卫星星上轨道的计算方法通常有解析方法和数值积分方法等.采用数值积分方法计算量较大,对于大偏心率的探测器任务轨道,解析方法也不适用.通过引入精密轨道与二体轨道的位置差,利用位置差拟合切比雪夫多项式系数,大大提高拟合精度.该方法计算精度高、计算速度快,可以很好地解决大偏心率椭圆轨道的星上轨道计算问题.