基于目标特性的航天器太阳光压面积计算方法

太阳光压是影响深空探测航天器轨道确定与预报精度最主要的摄动力.针对实际任务需求,采用了一种基于目标特性的光压面积建模与计算方法,根据航天器形状、尺寸、表面材料以及材料光学特性等信息,实现了分析型光压模型的建立与求解,提高了计算效率和精度,可快速计算目标在光照方向上的光压面积、投影面积以及光压比例因子等参数.通过长方体光压面积理论值与仿真值的对比,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性.针对复杂结构探测器开展了光压面积计算,可为深空探测航天器精密定轨中的光压模型解算、定轨及预报提供参考.     

小推力姿/轨控液体火箭发动机材料的研究进展

概述了国内外小推力姿／轨控液体火箭发动机新材料的研究和应用进展。姿／轨控液体火箭发动机推力室已从高性能铌／硅化物材料体系向复合材料推力室技术发展,研制出耐高温性能更好的新型材料体系和高温抗氧化涂层,以及将它们应用于发动机推力室的制造是提高姿／轨控发动机技术水平的有效途径。     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

Formation control using μ-synthesis for Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System

Inner-Formation Gravity Measurement Satellite System (IFGMSS) is used to map the gravity field of Earth. The IFGMSS consists of two satellites in which one is called “inner satellite” and the other one is named as “outer satellite”. To measure the pure Earth gravity, the inner satellite is located in the cavity of the outer satellite. Because of the shield effect of the cavity, the inner satellite is affected only by the gravitational force, so it can sense Earth gravity precisely. To avoid the collision between the inner satellite and the outer satellite, it is best to perform a real-time control on the outer satellite. In orbit, the mass of the outer satellite decreases with the consumption of its propellant. The orbit angular rate of the inner satellite varies with time due to various disturbing forces. These two parameters’ uncertainties make the C–W function be not so accurate to describe the formation behavior of these two satellites. Furthermore, the thrusters also have some uncertainties due to the unmodelled dynamics. To cancel the effects caused by the above uncertainties, we have studied the robust control method based on the μ-synthesis. This μ-synthesis eliminates the conservativeness and improves the control efficiency comparing with the H_∞ method. Finally, to test the control method, we simulate an IFGMSS mission in which the satellite runs in a sun synchronous circular orbit with an altitude of 300 km. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the robust control method. The performances of the closed-loop system with the μ-controller are tested by the μ-analysis. It has found that the nominal performance, the robust stability and the robust performance are all achieved. The transient simulation results further prove the control response is fast and the accuracy of the relative position meets the demand of the gravity measurement.     

基于ECSS标准的航天器姿轨控系统内1553B总线数据协议设计

摘要： 国内外航天器姿轨控系统广泛应用基于1553B内总线的体系结构.针对国内航天器姿轨控系统内部1553B总线数据协议不统一带来的可集成性、可扩展性和通用性差的问题,本文设计了基于ECSS标准的姿轨控系统内1553B数据总线协议,从姿轨控系统内部总线数据业务需求分析出发,提出了四层结构的数据协议体系结构,重点介绍了在应用支持层和链路服务层应用ECSS标准的总线协议设计,并说明了协议的应用情况.应用该国际通用的标准协议,有助于实现国内航天器姿轨控系统内1553B总线数据协议的标准化,进而提升姿轨控系统体系结构的可集成性、可扩展性、以及星载设备(含软件)的通用化.     

中国深空探测任务轨道控制技术综述

深空探测作为人类航天活动的重要方向,是人类探索宇宙奥秘和寻求长久发展的必然途径,也是衡量一个国家综合国力和科学技术发展水平的重要标志。深空探测轨道控制技术作为决定深空探测任务成败的关键技术之一,越来越多地受到关注并得到应用,成为各国深空探测技术研究和发展的热点。以我国探月工程各次任务为脉络,简述了历次任务轨道控制的目标和实施效果,总结了主要技术创新,在此基础上,展望了我国未来深空探测轨道控制的发展趋势。     

LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响

采用数值方法估计了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数的影响.并将其应用于1995年10月11日的某次掩星事件的观测资料处理和分析,得到了LEO卫星轨道误差对无线电掩星反演大气参数影响的定量结果.     

地月系L2平动点轨道长期维持过程研究

针对地月系L2平动点附近两种常用轨道——拟halo轨道和Lissajous轨道,研究了轨道长期维持过程。采用穿越xz平面单圈控制的轨道维持策略,控制量通过单步预测法进行寻优。在全摄动动力学模型下对拟halo轨道和Lissajous轨道受控维持下的一年飞行过程分别进行了仿真和比较,结果显示Lissajous轨道的维持控制代价优于拟halo轨道,从轨道拓扑构型保持方面对该结果进行解释,并设计对比实验加以验证。研究结论对地月系L2平动点轨道选择、维持控制策略设计、长期飞行效果分析等方面具有工程参考意义。     

双站跟踪模式下“嫦娥4号”中继星定轨仿真分析

位于地月平动点的探测器因为较差的观测几何,需要地基USB/UXB与天文VLBI长时间的联合跟踪数据获取稳定精确的轨道。提出了利用中国深空网双站共视跟踪平动点探测器,获取双程、三程测距及VLBI测量数据,解算探测器精确轨道的模式。以"鹊桥"卫星为分析对象,首先评估中国深空网对"鹊桥"的跟踪能力。然后分析不同观测组合模式下的定轨计算精度。结果表明:双站共视约束下,深空站每天对"鹊桥"跟踪弧长大于5 h;使用长于6 h的双站跟踪数据进行定轨,系统差的解算更有利于轨道精度提升;跟踪时长超过2天时,必须在轨道解算的同时估计光压系数,并有望实现优于百米的轨道精度。     

大功率轨道转移航天器全电推进系统研究

采用基于电推进的空间运输系统(转移级)完成使命,相对于采用化学推进可节省大量的推进剂,能够显著降低航天器的发射重量或者把更多的有效载荷送达探测目标地。调研了国外大功率电推力器的研究情况,针对近地空间的大功率轨道转移航天器任务需求,给出了电推进系统方案设计,并对采用不同性能指标推力器的多种方案进行对比,得到综合最优的方案。最后针对我国电推进技术发展现状,给出了我国大功率电推力器的关键技术和发展建议。