Origin and Evolution of the Light Nuclides

After a short historical (and highly subjective) introduction to the field, I discuss our current understanding of the origin and evolution of the light nuclides D, ³He, ⁴He, ⁶Li, ⁷Li, ⁹Be, ¹⁰B and ¹¹B. Despite considerable observational and theoretical progress, important uncertainties still persist for each and every one of those nuclides. The present-day abundance of D in the local interstellar medium is currently uncertain, making it difficult to infer the recent chemical evolution of the solar neighborhood. To account for the observed quasi-constancy of ³He abundance from the Big Bang to our days, the stellar production of that nuclide must be negligible; however, the scarce observations of its abundance in planetary nebulae seem to contradict this idea. The observed Be and B evolution as primaries suggests that the source composition of cosmic rays has remained ∼constant since the early days of the Galaxy, a suggestion with far reaching implications for the origin of cosmic rays; however, the main idea proposed to account for that constancy, namely that superbubbles are at the source of cosmic rays, encounters some serious difficulties. The best explanation for the mismatch between primordial Li and the observed “Spite-plateau” in halo stars appears to be depletion of Li in stellar envelopes, by some yet poorly understood mechanism. But this explanation impacts on the level of the recently discovered early “⁶Li plateau”, which (if confirmed), seriously challenges current ideas of cosmic ray nucleosynthesis.     

正激波后OH A~2∑~+──X~2∏瞬态光谱的测量

用光学多道分析仪（OMA光学系统）测量了氢氧燃烧驱动激波管中典型状态下正激波后高温空气不同时刻的瞬态光谱。光谱结果显示高温空气的光谱中有很强的OHA2∑＋─X2∏光谱。通过采用线线合成光谱的方法得到激波后不同时刻高温空气中OH分子的转动温度。     

碳布缝合预制体孔隙与热解碳沉积时变相依的多尺度研究

以甲烷为前驱体,碳布缝合织物为预制体,采用等温化学气相渗透(ICVI)工艺,在1 368 K温度和1 s滞留时间下制备了C/C复合材料。采用压汞仪表征不同致密化时间下预制体的孔隙分布,采用偏光显微镜观察热解碳的结构。结果表明:预制体的孔隙分布呈现多峰分布,热解碳的沉积速率与[A/V]值成反比,热解碳的结构与预制体的比表面积相关,沉积初期比表面积较大时,得到的热解碳织构为各相同性和低织构热解碳,随着沉积的进行,比表面积逐渐减小,在纤维束的边沿等部位出现了高织构热解碳。     

First results of PRECISE—Development of a MEMS-based monopropellant micro chemical propulsion system

PRECISE focuses on the research and development of a MEMS-based monopropellant micro chemical propulsion system for highly accurate attitude control of satellites. The availability of such propulsion systems forms the basis for defining new mission concepts such as formation flying and rendezvous manoeuvres. These concepts require propulsion systems for precise attitude and orbit control manoeuvrability. Application-oriented aspects are addressed by two end-users who are planning a formation flying mission for which the propulsion system is crucial. Basic research is conducted aiming at improving crucial MEMS technologies required for the propulsion system. Research and development also focuses on the efficiency and reliability of critical system components. System analysis tools are enhanced to complement the development stages. Finally, the propulsion system will be tested in a simulated space vacuum environment. These experiments will deliver data for the validation of the numerical models.     

中层顶区钠层化学反应寿命的初步研究

利用本征值和本征矢量的分析方法，对钠层的光化学反应的寿命进行了研究，结果表明，利用该方法计算出的钠原子的化学寿命与传统理论有所不同．从而证明了在中层顶区，钠层的中上部的扰动主要受大气动力学过程的影响，钠层底部主要由光化学控制．这为利用钠层作为示踪剂研究中层顶大气动力学的理论提供了理论依据．     

宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份研究

采用仪器中子活化方法分析了宁强碳质球粒陨石基质及暗色边化学成份。结果表明,宁强陨石的基质比全岩富集轻稀土和亲硫元素,并大致具有与Allende陨石基质相似的稀土特征。暗色边与陨石基质的差别在于:前者富FeO而贫难熔元素。推测陨石基质与暗色边物质来源于太阳星云不同区域。与形成暗色边有关的突发性事件可能曾多次在太阳星云的不同区域中发生。     

C/C复合材料等温CVI工艺T-S模糊系统研究

等温CVI是目前制备高性能碳／碳(C／C)复合材料的重要技术,其主要不足之处是周期长,成本高,建立CVI工艺参数与沉积速率或均匀性之间的关系模型,进而来指导工艺的设计与优化,是达到降低C／C复合材料开发成本的重要途径。本文提出基于模糊推理系统理论,建立等温CVI工艺基于实验的T—S模糊系统模型,来挖掘和表达实验中所积累的无法用公式来描述的经验,根据该模型得到了一类盘状制件CVI工艺主要沉积条件的作用机理,为工艺优化、设计和控制提供了理论上的指导。     

测定端羟基聚丁二烯羟值的乙酐—对甲苯磺酸法改进研究

对测定端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)羟值的乙酐—对甲苯磺酸法(酸催化AA法)进行了系统研究,在此基础上提出了两种改进方法,方法Ⅰ以甲苯—乙酸乙酯为反应介质,溶样、酯化同时进行;方法Ⅱ以甲苯预溶样品,然后再行酯化,改进后的方法仍保持原法快速、准确等特点、且扩大了其应用范围,前者适用于各种类型HTPB样品的羟值分析,后者可用于测定HTPB弹性体溶胶的羟值。     

有烧蚀气体产物影响的化学非平衡粘性流数值计算研究

本文是针对高超声速绕流钝锥体再入飞行器，研究有烧蚀气体产物影响的化学非平衡反应粘性流ＮＳ方程数值计算方法。通过带有化学源项的ＮＳ方程对流动作数值模拟，总的连续方程由单个组元守恒方程组代替。对１３个化学组元，２６个气相化学反应，以及２个气相－固相化学反应，研究烧烛碳－空气的化学反应系统，并与纯空气化学反应系统的计算结果进行比较。利用二阶迎风ＴＶＤ差分格式和激波捕捉法，计算球锥体头部和身部化学非平衡粘性流场