A simulation of Martian gravity field recovery by using a near equatorial orbiter

An improvement to the Martian gravity field may be achieved by means of future orbiting spacecraft with small eccentricity and low altitude exemplified through a newly proposed mission design that may be tested in upcoming reconnaissance of Mars. Here, the near equatorial orbital character (with an inclination approximating 10°, eccentricity as 0.01 and semi-major axis as 4000 km) is considered, and its contribution to Martian gravity field solution is analyzed by comparing it with a hypothetical polar circular orbiter. The solution models are evaluated in terms of the following viewpoints: power spectra of gravity field coefficients, correlations of low degree zonal coefficients, precise orbit determination, and error distribution of both Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid. At the same time, the contributions of the near equatorial orbiters in low degree zonal coefficients time variations are also considered. The present results show that the near equatorial orbiter allows us to improve the accuracy of the Martian gravity field solution, decrease correlation of low degree zonal coefficients, retrieve much better time variable information of low degree zonal coefficients, improve precise orbit determination, and provide more accurate Mars free air gravity anomaly and areoid around the equatorial region.     

一种非合作目标相对位置和姿态确定方法

针对非合作目标中的从星若无法获得主星的动态信息时,就无法自主进行相对位置和姿态确定的问题,提出了一种采用陀螺、立体视觉系统和加速度计的相对状态确定方法。首先分别建立相对姿态方程、主星动力学方程和相对位置方程等系统的数学模型。然后根据这些方程组成的状态方程和立体视觉系统的测量模型设计了卡尔曼滤波器。该滤波器使得从星根据加速度计、陀螺和立体视觉系统的输出,在仅获得主星的外观特征和一些静态参数的情况下,能够自主进行相对位置和姿态的确定。最后,数值仿真结果表明,在相同仿真条件下,与使用主星陀螺信息的相对状态确定算法相比,该算法能够自主进行相对状态的确定,且位置和姿态稳态误差分别为0.05m和2°。     

一种解算整周模糊度几何算法实现GPS快速测姿

在多天线GPS姿态确定系统中,整周模糊度的确定一直是姿态解算的一个难题。针对载波相位双差模型,本文提出一种新的几何解算双差整周模糊度的方法。该方法首先利用C/A码数据完成姿态初步解算;然后根据初步解算的姿态参数、各天线间基线分量参数和卫星到接收机在当地水平坐标系中的向量,再利用本文提出解算双差整周模糊度几何算法求取整周模糊度双差值;将整周模糊度双差值代入载波相位双差模型反解精确的各天线坐标分量,由取得的各天线坐标分量解算得到精确的姿态参数。同时,应用本文所提出的方法,对采集的GPS多天线静态数据和动态数据进行了姿态测量解算,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Precise orbit determination using the batch filter based on particle filtering with genetic resampling approach

In this study, genetic resampling (GRS) approach is utilized for precise orbit determination (POD) using the batch filter based on particle filtering (PF). Two genetic operations, which are arithmetic crossover and residual mutation, are used for GRS of the batch filter based on PF (PF batch filter). For POD, Laser-ranging Precise Orbit Determination System (LPODS) and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations of the CHAMP satellite are used. Monte Carlo trials for POD are performed by one hundred times. The characteristics of the POD results by PF batch filter with GRS are compared with those of a PF batch filter with minimum residual resampling (MRRS). The post-fit residual, 3D error by external orbit comparison, and POD repeatability are analyzed for orbit quality assessments. The POD results are externally checked by NASA JPL’s orbits using totally different software, measurements, and techniques. For post-fit residuals and 3D errors, both MRRS and GRS give accurate estimation results whose mean root mean square (RMS) values are at a level of 5 cm and 10–13 cm, respectively. The mean radial orbit errors of both methods are at a level of 5 cm. For POD repeatability represented as the standard deviations of post-fit residuals and 3D errors by repetitive PODs, however, GRS yields 25% and 13% more robust estimation results than MRRS for post-fit residual and 3D error, respectively. This study shows that PF batch filter with GRS approach using genetic operations is superior to PF batch filter with MRRS in terms of robustness in POD with SLR observations.     

基于星载GPS的资源三号卫星精密定轨

资源三号卫星是我国首颗民用立体测图卫星,于2012年1月9日发射。卫星上配备有国产双频GPS接收机。利用非差双频GPS数据,基于卫星动力学原理和事后批处理定轨模式,采用30小时弧段（重叠弧长为 6小时） 对资源三号卫星进行了精密定轨,卫星位置重叠弧段精度平均为4.95cm。利用卫星激光测距（SLR）观测数据对星载GPS定轨结果进行了检核,检核精度优于4cm,无明显系统偏差。结果表明,该定轨精度完全能够满足资源三号卫星任务的要求。     

基于IRAPF算法的航天器姿态确定

针对航天器姿态确定系统中存在较大初始误差及非线性较强的问题,提出了一种基于改进的正则化辅助粒子滤波（IRAPF）算法的航天器姿态确定方法。该算法将正则粒子滤波（RPF）与辅助粒子滤波（APF）相结合,将快速高斯变换（FGT）方法引入其中以减少计算量提高滤波的收敛速度。算法不仅有效地抑制了粒子退化问题,而且利用最新观测粒子来优化采样,并且在引入FGT后计算量与正则化的辅助粒子滤波相比降低了30%,改善了滤波的实时性。仿真结果表明了滤波的有效性。     

Study on TT&C resources scheduling technique based on inter-satellite link

The navigation constellation will have the capability of supporting Tracking Telemetry and Command (TT&C) operations by inter-satellite link (ISL). The ISL will become an important solution to reduce the shortage of ground TT&C resources. The problems need to be studied urgently in the field of space TT&C network resources scheduling management are how to determine the availability of ISL and how to allocate TT&C resources of ISL. The performance and scheduling constraints of navigation constellation?s ISL are analyzed, and three utilization strategies of ISL to perform TT&C operations are proposed. The allocation of TT&C resources based on ISL falls into two successive phases. Firstly, master satellite determination equation is established by using 0–1 Programming model based on the availability matrix. Mathematical method is used to solve the equation to determine the master satellite and the topology of ISL. Secondly, Constraint Programming (CP) model is used to describe the ground TT&C resources scheduling problem with special requirements of TT&C operations based on master satellite, and a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the CP model. The equations and algorithm are verified by simulation examples. The algorithm of TT&C resources scheduling based on ISL has realized the synthesized usage of both the ISL and ground resources on TT&C field. This algorithm can improve TT&C supports of territorial ground TT&C network for global navigation constellation, and provides technical reference for the TT&C mission planning of global constellation by using ISL.     

航天器自旋对测轨数据影响的修正方法

从测量原理上分析了航天器自旋对地基无线电测轨数据的影响,提出了测距和多普勒测速自旋影响修正方法,该方法也可用于估算航天器天线安装位置与自旋轴的距离。利用修正方法对嫦娥二号地月转移飞行段的地基测距与多普勒测速数据进行处理,解算的嫦娥二号天线安装位置精度在厘米量级。使用修正后的测距和多普勒测速数据,并融合时延与时延率测量数据,进行定轨计算,结果表明,使用修正后的测轨数据对事后定轨计算有近50m的精度提高。     

利用星载GPS数据进行海洋2A卫星快速精密定轨

针对海洋2A(HY2A)卫星快速精密定轨的需求,本文基于非差动力学方法,利用国际GNSS服务组织(IGS)和上海天文台GNSS数据处理中心（SHA）提供的超快速星历产品IGU和SHU,对HY2A卫星进行快速精密定轨研究。计算结果表明,以法国国家空间研究中心(CNES)提供的精密轨道作为参考轨道,联合超快速星历SHU和IGU的预报星历,可以确定径向厘米级精度的快速轨道。同时利用卫星激光测距（SLR）数据检核快速精密轨道,得到 SHU和IGU预报星历确定的快速精密轨道站星距方向残差的RMS分别为2.9和4.8cm。可见,利用SHU和IGU预报星历组合可以得到厘米级的快速精密轨道,对HY2A卫星的海洋环境监测和海洋灾害预警具有一定应用价值。     

通信卫星干扰源定位系统的轨道改进研究

针对干扰源定位系统中通信卫星轨道误差较大问题,文章采用卫星精密定轨策略,对干扰辐射源定位系统中通信卫星的轨道改进问题进行了研究。详细研究时差与频差的测量原理,并对地球同步轨道通信卫星轨道给出了较为符合该类卫星轨道类型的力学建模。采用高精度数值积分器及参数估计方法进行轨道确定和系统差标定。通过仿真和实测资料处理分析,定轨精度可以达到十米至百米量级。其理论性得到验证,同时能够满足我国相关行业的工程需求。