RadioAstron orbit determination and evaluation of its results using correlation of space-VLBI observations

A crucial part of a space mission for very-long baseline interferometery (VLBI), which is the technique capable of providing the highest resolution images in astronomy, is orbit determination of the mission’s space radio telescope(s). In order to successfully detect interference fringes that result from correlation of the signals recorded by a ground-based and a space-borne radio telescope, the propagation delays experienced in the near-Earth space by radio waves emitted by the source and the relativity effects on each telescope’s clock need to be evaluated, which requires accurate knowledge of position and velocity of the space radio telescope. In this paper we describe our approach to orbit determination (OD) of the RadioAstron spacecraft of the RadioAstron space-VLBI mission. Determining RadioAstron’s orbit is complicated due to several factors: strong solar radiation pressure, a highly eccentric orbit, and frequent orbit perturbations caused by the attitude control system. We show that in order to maintain the OD accuracy required for processing space-VLBI observations at cm-wavelengths it is required to take into account the additional data on thruster firings, reaction wheel rotation rates, and attitude of the spacecraft. We also investigate into using the unique orbit data available only for a space-VLBI spacecraft, i.e. the residual delays and delay rates that result from VLBI data processing, as a means to evaluate the achieved OD accuracy. We present the results of the first experience of OD accuracy evaluation of this kind, using more than 5000 residual values obtained as a result of space-VLBI observations performed over 7 years of the RadioAstron mission operations.     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

碱金属引射下的高超声速尾流的数值模拟

高超声速化学非平衡尾流的分析与计算是空气动力学中的一个重要课题。本文采用二阶精度的中心差隐格式，求解了抛物化的Ｎ－Ｓ方程，得到了高空２０ＫＭ及６０ＫＭ非平衡尾流的数值解，研究了碱金属引射对尾流电子密度的影响。计算结果表明引射碱金属对尾流电子密度影响明显，尾流电子密度因此增加了１～３个量级。文中化学反应模型采用十组元模型，组元包括Ｏ２、Ｎ２、Ｏ、Ｎ、ＮＯ、ＮＯ＋、Ｏ－２、Ｎａ、Ｎ＋ａ以及ｅ－。     

基于化学反应器网络模型法的预混气组分对NOx反应路径影响研究

摘 要：为探究预混气组分对不同反应路径下NOx生成影响,针对高压射流反应器,基于CFD流场特征等,构建优化了单PSR、2PSR、3PSR以及PSR+PFR四种化学反应器网络模型。在贫预混燃烧条件下,研究了纯CH4及其混合气燃烧时不同反应路径下NOx的生成情况,得出了燃烧室内不同反应区域每条反应路径NOx的生成量。结果表明,纯CH4燃烧产生的NOx主要来自于热力型、快速型和N2O-中间体型三条反应路径。绝热火焰温度的提高主要促进了热力型和N2O-中间体型NOx的生成。随着CH4或CO中加入H2摩尔分数的增加,NOx排放总量降低,快速型NOx生成速率降低,特别是火焰刷区域的。另外,混合气中CO摩尔分数的增加会导致NOx生成量增多。     

卫星地球-射频敏感器组合定姿滤波算法研究

基于卡尔曼滤波理论以及卫星定姿技术的发现状况，对卡尔曼滤波在静止轨道三轴稳定卫星红外地球敏感器和射频敏感器组合定姿中的应用作了一定的研究。建立了静止轨道三稳定卫星姿态动力学模型和红外－射频敏感器组合定姿的姿态量测模型，针对这一模型，应用推广的卡尔曼滤波进行姿态估计，并进行了计算机仿真，验证了滤波方法应用于静止轨道三轴稳定卫星红外地球敏感哭和射频敏感器组合定姿的有效性和优越性。     

交会相对运动确定的新方法

本文叙述空间交会过程中相对运动参数测定的新算法。在测量目标的相对距离和方向的基础上,借助于追踪航天器上的地球敏感器和太阳敏感器,就能直接确定在目标轨道坐标系中相对运动的参数。为此,测量系统可以不含陀螺惯性平台。     

三维热化学非平衡流动非结构网格DSMC方法及其应用

研究了过渡流域三维热化学非平衡流动DSMC方法实现的过程。以四面体非结构网格为基本单元，提出一种新型的高效搜索算法，该算法不仅可以快速跟踪模拟分子在网格之间的迁移，而且可以准确判别分子与物面是否相互作用，避免了原有算法中分子表面反射的非确定论判据。设计了适合三维DSMC方法的动态局部时间步长技术，节约了计算时间。将碰撞距离的思想引人到非结构网格上来，有效地消除了网格尺度小于三分之一平均自由程的限制。利用Fortran90的动态分配内存技术编制了适用于任意外形的通用计算程序。最后对全尺寸航天飞机高超声速绕流进行了数值试验，计算结果验证了该算法的可行性及高效性。     

自由射流超燃冲压发动机燃烧室流场对比计算研究

提出一种针对喷射的简化模型，拓展了二维／轴对称NS方程模型的适用范围。通过算例验证，显示出源项加质方法具有良好的质量守恒性。针对文献中的实验进行了对比计算，结果表明，数值模拟与实验点符合得较好，验证了方法的可靠性。采用上述简化模型，针对化学反应过程与流动过程采用了耦合与解耦这两种方法，对放置在自由射流实验台上两种构型的缩比发动机燃烧室段进行了考虑化学反应流场模拟，得到了主要气动参数的分布图。研究了总压耙等测量装置对于流动的影响。计算结果表明，数值模拟所得到的壁面静压值与实验壁面压力符合得较好，并且为合理布置测量仪器提供了一定的参考。     

压强冲量系数法确定标准发动机燃烧终点

对不同型号的Φ127mm发动机燃烧终点的确定方法进行研究，采用平均压强系数法对上千发不同型号BSF－Φ127mm发动机试验数据进行数理统计，并与以往的数据进行比较，燃烧时间测试误差在0.5%以内，平均压强冲量系数法的准确性可达80％以上。换算到标准压强条件下，平均压强冲量系数法的计算精度优于切线法的计算精度，并作出了计算验证。此方法能应用于各种类型BSF－Φ127mm发动机试验，具有一定的推广价值。