在航空载荷谱作用下2024铝合金的疲劳行为

研究了在航空载荷谱TWIST作用下2024铝合金的疲劳特性。对航空载荷谱进行简化处理,对比分析了理论推导、MATLAB程序模拟和疲劳试验给出的飞机疲劳寿命预测值,并微观观察疲劳失效断口特征,分析了失效机理。结果表明：理论推导、程序模拟和疲劳试验得到的疲劳寿命预测值分别为163800,158280和134249次飞行循环;程序模拟得到飞机巡航过程中实际阵风载荷和忽略极小波动载荷的疲劳寿命预测值分别为92314和92321次飞行循环;观察疲劳断口可以发现裂纹萌生形核起源于试验件近表面,疲劳裂纹的扩展以沿晶和穿晶两种方式进行,有明显的疲劳条带,在瞬时断裂区呈现韧窝形貌。     

无人机发动机空中停车故障机理研究

针对某型现役无人机活塞发动机飞行中出现的空中意外停车故障,从发动机停车控制原理出发分析其故障机理,构建发动机空中意外停车故障树,并用实例予以验证,为无人机发动机故障的空中应急处置和事后维修提供可行性建议。     

飞机高温高压空气导管的振动特性研究

在分析某大型客机环境控制系统的配平子系统的基础上,基于有限元软件Patran和Nastran建立了配平系统的空气导管有限元分析模型,选用Lanczos算法,对管系进行动力学模态分析,获得了系统前五阶的频率和振型.同时,考察了气体热力学参数和球形接头作动力学参数对空气导管动力学模态特性的影响.结果表明:从频率上看,配平系统Part1在45Hz以下谐振模态分布密集.从振型上看,球形接头和滑动接头处的振型变化幅度较大;从动力学特性的影响因素来看,配平系统空气导管管系的固有频率随管内温度的增加而递减,随管内压力的增加而增加;球形接头起动力矩和刚度增大会增加各阶的固有频率.研究工作对于我国大型客机空气导管系统的可靠性设计具有参考价值.     

基于装配过程的关键特性识别与控制方法研究

基于关键特性的质量控制技术是一种先进的质量控制方法,该方法通过对下层关键特性进行监控,间接地保证产品的质量.在装配误差积累传递分析的基础上,研究了装配关键特性定性分析和定量识别方法,再结合统计过程控制理论,开发了关键特性识别与控制系统软件.该软件在某型号飞机应急门装配应用中,能够准确快速地识别关键特性,并有效地进行控制分析.     

航空事故人为因素多模型集成分析与控制策略

人为因素是现代航空事故最主要的致因因素,分析航空事故中人为因素的特点,进一步提出预防措施,有利于提高飞行安全水平,实现本质安全。提出多模型集成的航空事故人为因素分析与控制流程,将事故树分析方法( FTA)和人因分析及分类系统( HFACS)相结合,寻找事故的直接原因和深层次原因,全面识别航空事故中的人为因素、事故机理及事故演化过程;运用定量方法找出关键因素,针对性地提出避免由人为因素导致航空事故的策略;根据关联危害性分析法,挖掘事故的潜在不安全因素,实现主动的事故预防。     

基于Monte Carlo的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜多物理场耦合分析方法

聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(XPT)是涉及光学、机械学、热学等多学科的复杂航天载荷,多物理场耦合分析对提高其在轨性能和可靠性至关重要。传统的光机热多场耦合分析(MCA)方法并不能考虑X射线能量及其反射率信息,而且存在学科间数据传递困难的问题。为此,首先基于Monte Carlo和X射线全反射理论提出了一种高效的多物理场耦合分析方法。该方法同时考虑X射线能量和反射率两大特征信息,基于有限元分析(FEA)法建立了XPT热-结构物理场耦合方程和有限元分析模型,针对不同工况进行热分析、结构分析以及热-结构物理场耦合分析。其次,采用Construction Geometry函数分别提取不同工况下光学镜头面形的形变量,并基于多项式函数对变形后的镜头面形进行拟合和误差分析。然后,基于所提方法对变形后的光学系统聚焦性能进行分析与评价,得到镜头形变对XPT光学聚焦性能的影响规律。最后,以多层嵌套的XPT为例,对不同视场角和形变的X射线光学系统聚焦性能进行了仿真分析。结果表明,在全视场时热-结构耦合形变、热形变及结构形变导致XPT聚焦性能分别下降30.01%,14.35%和7.85%,弥散斑均方根依次为2.9143 mm,2.6038 mm,2.5311 mm。通过与试验结果对比分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,可用于XPT的可靠性设计。     

基于全局灵敏度分析的侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响

考虑飞行载荷计算中使用的气动导数存在不确定性,利用基于方差的全局灵敏度分析(GSA)方法,结合偏航机动的动力学模型,分析了侧向气动导数不确定性对侧向飞行载荷的影响。以某型飞机为例,运用该方法得到侧向气动导数的全局灵敏度排序。结果表明:侧滑角、阻尼贡献的垂尾侧向载荷及垂尾侧向总载荷受全机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响最大,受航向静稳定导数及方向舵操纵效能的影响次之;方向舵偏度贡献的垂尾侧向载荷只受全机侧力系数对方向舵偏度导数的影响;无尾飞机侧向载荷主要受航向静稳定导数、方向舵操纵效能及无尾飞机侧力系数对侧滑角导数的影响;偏航阻尼导数基本不影响各侧向飞行载荷。同时也验证了方法的有效性,对提高飞行载荷的计算精度有一定的指导意义。     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.