H2 and H∞ control options for the combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS)

The combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS) combines the conventional attitude control and thermal control subsystems. Its principle is based on circulating a heat conducting fluid inside a closed duct wielding the excess onboard heat in order to produce the attitude control torques. Previously only the proportional-integral (PI) controller has been tested for CATCS. In this paper two other control options for CATCS were designed based on the H₂ and H_∞ control methods to improve the attitude control performance of a small satellite. The control gain matrix with the minimum cost function is obtained by solving the Riccati equation and fed back to the system in order to achieve the system’s performance. The designed controllers can efficiently control the roll, pitch and yaw satellite attitudes. Simulations for the two techniques were carried out using Matlab and Simulink for ideal and non-ideal system models. Results show that the H₂ controller has a better attitude control performance over the H_∞ controller and PI controller itself.     

Multi-objective output-feedback control for microsatellite attitude control: An LMI approach

Mixed H₂/H_∞ output-feedback controller with pole placement constraints against the internal uncertainty of moment-of-inertia variation and space environmental disturbances is proposed for mircosatellite attitude control. The multi-objective controller is designed based on linear model of attitude dynamics. The H_∞ performance takes into account both robustness stability against moments-of-inertia uncertainty and the disturbance rejection aspect. H₂ performance takes into account the LQG aspect which avoids the undesirable wheels’ saturation effect. In addition, the closed-loop poles can be forced into some sector of the stable half-plane to obtain well-damped transient responses. The problem is then reduced to a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), so it can be efficiently solved. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented mixed H₂/H_∞ control system is robust stable and optimal in the sense of H₂ norm, and has good steady-state and dynamic performances against the parameter uncertainties and various disturbances for the microsatellite attitude control system.     

ZrO2陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削表面及亚表面损伤机制

为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面损伤机理,基于应变率模型对其磨削过程中材料的动态力学性能进行分析,并在此基础上建立了硬脆材料的脆-塑转变临界切削深度模型与微裂纹损伤深度模型。研究发现,脆-塑转变临界切削深度和微裂纹损伤深度均与应变率有关,其中临界切削深度随着应变率的增加而增加,而横向裂纹损伤深度与中位裂纹损伤深度均随应变率的增加而减小。通过ZrO₂陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削试验进行验证。试验结果表明：由于切向超声振动的引入提高了材料应变率,进而提高了材料的动态断裂应力以及动态断裂韧性,从而扩大了ZrO₂陶瓷的塑性域去除范围,降低了加工表面的横向裂纹与中位裂纹损伤深度,使得ZrO₂陶瓷的表面及亚表面质量得到明显改善。试验结果与理论分析相一致,为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面微观损伤机理提供了理论参考。     

A simplified approach to uncertainty quantification for orbits in impulsive deflection scenarios

For the majority of near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) impact scenarios, optimal deflection strategies use a massive impactor or a nuclear explosive, either of which produce an impulsive change to the orbit of the object. However, uncertainties regarding the object composition and the efficiency of the deflection event lead to a non-negligible uncertainty in the deflection delta-velocity. Propagating this uncertainty through the resulting orbit will create a positional uncertainty envelope at the original impact epoch. We calculate a simplified analytic evolution for impulsively deflected NEAs and perform a full propagation of uncertainties that is nonlinear in the deflection delta-velocity vector. This provides an understanding of both the optimal deflection velocities needed for a given scenario, as well as the resulting positional uncertainty and corresponding residual impact probability. Confidence of a successful deflection attempt as a function of launch opportunities is also discussed for a specific case.     

A robust semi-analytic method to solve the minimum ΔV two-impulse rendezvous problem

A novel semi-analytic approach is developed to determine the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ for a two-impulse rendezvous and validated both empirically and analytically. A previously published closed-form $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimate and the Lambert minimum energy transfer is used to establish upper and lower bounds of the minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ transfer between two orbits. These bounds, in conjunction with the bisection method, operate on a nonlinear radical cost function to guarantee linear convergence. This approach has several real world applications including a low earth orbit (LEO) to highly elliptical orbit (HEO), and a HEO to retrograde geosynchronous orbit transfer. The minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$ estimates are better than those reported in the existing literature, while run times improved as much as two orders of magnitude over a fixed time Lambert solver. All singularity cases were addressed such that any orbital geometry, including Hohmann and radial elliptic transfers, converged to the global minimum $\mathrm{\Delta }V$. This approach will work for both coplanar and non-coplanar 3D geometries for any orbit type.     

背壁5-II材料高温热物理性能及微结构特征

研究了背壁5-II材料的密度、失重率和孔隙率随温度的变化规律,测试了温度对比定压热容、热导率的影响,研究了不同温度下和发动机长时间热试车下5-II材料的微结构特征。结果表明,5-II材料密度随温度升高而降低,热解后密度降至1.28 g/cm3,开孔率在30%左右;比定压热容随温度升高而增大,热导率随温度缓慢降低;随温度升高,其微结构特征表现为孔隙的大量增加和贯通,密度和孔隙率可作为固体发动机背壁热解失效的主要参量。     

直摆头与斜摆头五坐标机床数控加工程序互换求解算法

 针对复杂结构零件五坐标加工设备变更带来的程序处理问题,分析讨论了直摆头-转台式和斜摆头-转台式两种五坐标机床之间的数控加工程序互换求解算法。根据不同的机床结构,建立了机床坐标系之间的对应关系;基于机床自动跟踪模式下的数控加工程序后置处理和逆后置处理方法,提出了机床之间数控加工程序的互换算法;采用单步距走刀时间不变的控制方式,给出了加工进给速度的互换算法,实现了程序转换对工艺参数的继承。实际应用验证表明,该算法可有效解决直摆头与斜摆头五坐标机床数控加工程序之间的互换问题。     

5坐标加工中干涉检测的凸包算法研究

提出了运用凸包法解决在五坐标中加工干涉的算法.在干涉检测中用了一种算法,即快速检测法,快速检测法通过使用曲面的控制网格获得刀具的可行位置.在快速检测中,根据参数曲面的凸包特性粗检现行的刀具方向与凸包之间是否存在干涉,若不存在,则刀具方向是可行的;否则,则不可行.     

河南省能源产业与经济可持续发展的实证研究

基于中原经济区可持续发展战略的基础,选择河南省1978～2015年相关数据作为分析样本,利用VAR模型对河南省能源产业与经济可持续发展之间的相互关系进行回归分析。结果表明:河南省持续快速的经济增长并不是造成能源产业发展失衡的原因,但失衡的能源供求状况却对河南省经济可持续发展带来了相当程度的不利影响。鉴于此,河南省能源产业发展要尊崇"节能优先、保障供需、优化结构、市场推动、保护环境、持续发展"的基本战略要求,一方面着力优化能源布局和能源结构,提高能源开发利用效率,构建经济、清洁、安全、稳定的现代能源产业体系,建设全国重要的综合能源基地,另一方面大力发展清洁能源和可再生能源,构建中原经济区低碳节能发展的理念,实现资源的有效开发与利用,促进整个社会经济可持续发展。     

Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0，0.1，0.2，0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能

采用SEM、EDS、电化学测试等方法研究了热浸镀用Zn-5Al-xMn(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)合金的铸态组织与耐蚀性能。结果表明:在Zn-5Al合金中加入少量的Mn显著抑制了粗大初生β-Zn相的生成,当Mn含量为0.2%时,初生β-Zn相最少,共晶组织占比最高。试验合金的自腐蚀电位随着Mn含量的提高而增大,自腐蚀电流密度先减小后增大。Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金自腐蚀电流最小为1.403μA/cm~2,其高频阻抗和低频扩散阻抗均最大。Zn-5Al合金中初生β-Zn相优先腐蚀,Zn-5Al-0.2Mn合金因初生β-Zn相较少,发生均匀性腐蚀,其腐蚀产物在Zn-5Al-xMn合金中最致密。