复杂曲面零件五轴加工刀轴整体优化方法

 针对复杂曲面零件五轴加工中刀轴矢量变化剧烈、严重影响工件表面加工质量的问题,提出一种基于临界约束的五轴刀轴矢量整体优化方法。首先,构造了给定切触点处所有可行摆刀平面,并在摆刀平面内根据临界约束计算出临界刀轴矢量,在获得临界刀轴矢量的基础上,对其进行平面映射,建立了刀轴摆动的初始可行域;其次,通过对初始可行域进行均匀离散,根据离散点之间相对位置关系构造邻接矩阵,并结合最短路径搜索算法获得了初始参考刀轴,从而构造了新的刀轴摆动可行域;最后,建立当前切削行内无干涉且相邻刀轴变化最小的刀轴矢量优化模型,实现自由曲面五轴加工无干涉刀轴矢量的光滑控制。两种自由曲面叶轮的加工算例分析表明,采用本文方法获得的刀轴矢量可以明显改善机床的运动性能,避免了刀具干涉的产生,可提高复杂曲面零件的加工质量与效率。     

The relationship between TEC and Earth’s magnetic field during quiet and disturbed days over Istanbul,Turkey

In this study, the impact of Earth’s magnetic field on total electron content (TEC) was studied by using statistical multiple linear regression model and co-integration method. TEC values were measured over the Turkey-Istanbul (ista) station using date of global positioning system (GPS), and the magnetic field components of the Earth were measured from Boğaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute, Geomagnetic observatory Istanbul (ISK) station. This examination has been carried out during the dates of March 14–19, 2015 covering the dates of March 17–18, 2015 known in the literature as St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. The three days before the storm (March 14–16) were named as quiet days, whereas the other days (March 17–19) were named as disturbed days after which the two periods were examined separately. It was observed as a result of the examination that the x-component (south-north direction) of the magnetic field had a negative impact on TEC on quiet days, whereas the impact was positive on disturbed days. However, the y-component (east–west direction) of the magnetic field had an inverse relationship of the x-component on the quiet and disturbed days. In addition, it was deduced that the impact coefficient of the x and y-component of the magnetic field was higher on disturbed days in comparison with those on quiet days. The correlation coefficient between the TEC and the components of the Earth’s magnetic field was 0.11 on quiet days and 0.95 on disturbed days. Therefore, it can be stated that the relationship of the TEC values with the geomagnetic field are higher on disturbed days.     

Performance verification of Lunar Regolith Penetrating Array Radar of Chang’E-5 mission

Lunar Regolith Penetrating Array Radar (LRPR) is one main payload of the Lander for Chinese Chang’E-5 (CE-5) mission. It is used to support the drilling and sampling device and to detect lunar regolith thickness and structure of the landing site. LRPR will only work in situ under static status, so the antenna array is employed. Since the antenna array is about 90?cm high from the ground, the layout is irregular, and the metal structure of the lander seriously interferes with LRPR, these factors make it very difficult to reconstruct the image of the drilling area, so the performance verification must be carried out. We propose a set of methods to process LRPR’s data and reconstruct image. The verification experiments demonstrate that these methods are suitable for LRPR, the thickness and structure of the lunar regolith from zero to two meters can be clearly mapped, the vertical resolution is a few centimeters, and the electromagnetic properties of the subsurface can be estimated. Therefore, the performance of LRPR meets the requirements, and LRPR can successfully support drilling and sampling.     

KM5A空间环模试验设备研制

KM5A空间环模试验设备主要用于为航天器进行地面模拟试验提供真空、冷黑及太阳辐射等空间环境。设备主要包括真空容器、真空抽气系统、热沉、氮系统、测量及数据采集系统、外热流模拟系统等。文章概要介绍了该试验设备的系统组成、主要性能指标及关键技术。     

仿生负泊松比拉胀内凹蜂窝结构耐撞性

基于自然界微观生物结构的启发,设计了1种新型仿生负泊松比拉胀内凹蜂窝（ARH）,并对其耐撞性能进行数值模拟。结合竹子的梯度结构和椰子树的同心胞结构,提出了2种单向梯度和2种双向梯度同心ARH结构。梯度同心结构设计方法不仅可诱导结构渐进的冲击行为,而且因其较低的等效壁厚可改善其比吸能能力。与传统ARH结构相比,对仿生ARH结构的平台应力和吸能特性进行研究,并分析耦合压溃变形模式、收缩变形机理和负泊松比效应等来揭示结构的增强机理。结果表明：预测的耐撞响应和压溃变形模式与参考结果相似;相对传统的ARH,梯度同心ARH有更高的平台应力和比吸能,且平台应力的上升和压溃变形模式均呈梯度变化;梯度方向对压溃变形模式和各层变形顺序影响较大;双向梯度同心ARH比单向梯度同心ARH因耦合变形具有更高的吸能能力;同心胞数对蜂窝各层的收缩变形有较大影响。     

Al-Mg-Sc 和Al-Mg-Er 合金的组织与性能

采用铸造—轧制—稳定化退火技术制备了Sc含量为0.10wt％和Er含量为0.25wt％的两种Al-Mg合金薄板,研究了不同处理工艺下两种合金板材拉伸性能、剥落腐蚀性能和显微组织的变化规律.结果表明,两种合金冷轧板材稳定化退火过程中拉伸性能有相同的变化规律,即随着退火温度升高,板材强度下降而塑性升高,Sc含量为0.10wt％的合金350℃/1 h退火仍然表现出很强的抗退火软化能力,而Er含量为0.25％的合金当退火温度高于280℃后迅速软化;300℃/1 h退火条件下,含Sc合金和含Er合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为424 MPa、314 MPa、18.3％和350 MPa、177 MPa、29.1％;与此同时,随退火温度的升高,板材抗剥落腐蚀的能力也表现出相同规律性的变化,即200℃/1 h左右退火时剥落腐蚀最严重,随着退火温度升高,腐蚀抗力增加,两种合金板材经280℃以上1h稳定化退火后,合金板材可以获得较好的抗剥落腐蚀性能;其次,与Sc含量为0.25wt％的5B70合金相比,研制的Sc含量为0.10wt％合金综合性能接近5B70合金,而这种合金的Sc含量只有5B70合金的40％,能显著降低合金的制造成本,预示着低Sc含量的合金在航天领域有良好的开发应用前景.     

铝合金焊接结构的应力松弛及控制

针对生产现场大尺寸5A06-H112铝合金板箱形件拼焊制造过程中存在应力松弛的问题,对多种焊接工艺方法进行了研究.通过对不同焊接接头的力学性能试验、残余应力测试、焊接金相和硬度测量结果对比显示,铝合金焊接结构的应力变化存在先升后降的变化趋势,而TIG焊由于采用较小的线能量和多层焊,较MIG焊其应力松弛的程度存在差异.结果表明,增加焊后时效时间8～10d,并采用TIG焊技术将有效减小铝合金焊接结构的应力松弛,使端头下沉减少50％左右,满足了设计图纸的要求.     

嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪2C级图像数据质量评价

嫦娥一号干涉成像光谱仪(IIM)获取的多波段图像数据对于月表矿物成分反演具有重要意义. 从目视质量、客观参数、几何配准精度、图像质量随时间的变化情况等方面对IIM 2C级的多波段图像数据质量进行了评价. 结果显示, 其两端波段范围的图像质量较差, 不能有效识别月表单元, 中间波段图像质量较好; 自然色图像显示IIM数据存在明显的横向色调不均一性. 利用图像的客观评价指标(辐射精度、清晰度、信息量)将干涉成像光谱仪图像数据与美国Clementine UV-VIS多光谱图像数据进行对比分析, 结果表明, IIM数据清晰度好于Clementine UV-VIS, 而在方差和信息量上弱于Clementine UV-VIS. 将IIM图像数据与Clementine多光谱数据统一到相同的空间分辨率, 进行配准精度评价, 其最大控制点配准误差为0.63pixel. 此外, 还对时间跨度两个月覆盖月表同一区域的IIM图像数据从辐射精度、信息量和清晰度方面进行了评价.