An inversion approach for lunar regolith layer thickness using optical albedo data and microwave emission simulation

An approach to inversion of the lunar regolith layer thickness by using multi-channel brightness temperature observation in passive microwave remote sensing is developed. To first make simulation of brightness temperature from the lunar layered media, the lunar regolith layer thickness (d) is proposed being constructed by available lunar DEM (digital elevation mapping) and on site measurements. The physical temperature distribution (T) over the lunar surface is also empirically assumed as a monotonic function of the latitude. Optical albedo of the lunar nearside from the telescopic observation is employed to construct the spatial distribution of the FeO+TiO₂ content (S) in the lunar regolith layer. A statistic relationship between the DEM and S of the lunar nearside is further extended to construction of S of the lunar farside. Thus, the dielectric permittivity (ε) of global lunar regolith layer can then be determined. Based on all these conditions (d,T,ε), brightness temperature of the lunar regolith layer in passive microwave remote sensing, which is planned for China's Chang-E lunar project, is numerically simulated by a parallel layering model using the strong fluctuation theory of random media.Then, taking these simulations with random noise as observations, an inversion method of the lunar regolith layer thickness is developed by using three- or two-channels brightness temperatures. When the S is low, and the four channels brightness temperatures in China's Chang-E project are well distinguishable, the regolith layer thickness and physical temperature of the underlying lunar rock media can be inverted by the three-channels approach. When the S becomes high that the brightness temperature at high frequency channels such as 19.35, 37 GHz are saturated, the regolith layer thickness is alternatively inverted only by the two-channels approach.Numerical simulation and inversion approach in this paper make an evaluation of the performance for lunar passive microwave remote sensing, and for future data calibration and validation.     

燃气流速对EPDM绝热材料炭化层结构特征的影响

基于一种可变流速的烧蚀发动机,在含铝燃气环境中对三元乙丙绝热材料炭化层的结构特征开展了烧蚀试验研究,并对绝热材料表面炭化层进行了SEM分析及能谱分析.试验结果表明,绝热层表面燃气流速不同,所生成的炭化层表面、背面及侧面形貌及孔隙都有很大区别;燃气流速增大,炭化层厚度明显变薄,表面铝、硅氧化物沉积增加,同时炭化层材质疏松程度加大,结构强度减弱.     

纳卫星散热面与隔热层的联合设计模型与算法

纳卫星的被动热控系统对卫星舱内的温度控制及其有效载荷的可靠工作具有重要意义.散热面与隔热层设计是被动热控设计的两大关键环节.在对其进行传热学分析的基础上,建立了纳卫星散热面面积及隔热层厚度的联合设计模型和求解算法,阐述了应用这一联合设计模型与算法的具体流程,并以一太阳同步轨道纳米卫星为例,在客观分析其轨道热环境特点的基础上,对其散热面面积和隔热层厚度进行了设计计算、结果分析和仿真验证,得出了各设计参数间的制约关系,设计结果的分析及仿真验证表明:采用散热面和隔热层的联合设计可以得到较好的被动热控效果,这一联合设计模型与算法为纳卫星的被动热控系统设计提供了简便的设计计算模型和求解算法.      

短波返回探测最小时延曲线的反演

提出一个利用短波扫频返回探测最小时延导出电离层结构参数的方法。这个方法不必引入辅助参数,只需给出二个频率点的最小时延数据和相应的斜率数据,即可导出电离层参数。      

用低雷诺数k-ε湍流模型计算涡轮叶片的对流换热

考虑压力面强顺压梯度及吸力面逆压梯度对Ｓｃｈｍｉｄｔ Ｐａｔａｎｋａｒ低雷诺数湍流模型进行改善,使之能用于模拟涡轮叶片上的对流换热情况。计算了６种涡轮叶片的１８个工况。参数范围是：出口雷诺数Ｒｅ２＝０５６×１０６～２７３×１０６;来流湍流度Ｔｕ∞＝０８％～８３％;平均壁温与气流温度比Ｔｗ／Ｔ０＝０６７～０８２。结果表明,在叶片上的传热计算与实验符合得很好     

超音速气流绕局部透气凹角流动的数值模拟

以具有压力分裂形式的简化Ｎ Ｓ方程为控制方程,数值模拟了超音速来流条件下的激波 边界层干扰被动控制（ｐａｓｓｉｖｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｓｈｏｃｋ ｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｌａｙｅｒｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎ）。模拟是以预先给定激波前吹气和激波后吸气的流量来实现的。为了定性地确定吹气或吸气对激波 边界层干扰的影响,首先计算了单独吹气和单独吸气两种情况。数值计算时采用了多重扫描法对控制方程差分离散,以反映亚音速区压力对流场的椭圆性影响。     

轴向前倾叶片流场的数值分析

对一种新式的风机叶片即轴向前倾叶片流场进行数值计算, 采用时间推进法计算无粘流场, 采用非正交曲线坐标系附面层积分方程求解附面层参数, 得到了一些有意义的结果。      

A boundary surrogate model for micro/nano grooved surface structure applied in turbulence flow control over airfoil

The application of grooved surface structure is an emerging and effective means in turbulence flow control. However, for a realistic configuration, the global flow field described directly by simple application of massive grids makes it unfeasible to simulate. In this paper, a boundary surrogate model reproducing the effect of microscopic near-wall region is proposed to improve computational efficiency. The surrogate model trained with Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM) considering the rarefied effec...     

后掠与无后掠压缩角模型产生的激波/边界层干扰的非定常特性

介绍了10个压缩角模型在M数为2.011、2.504、3.015时产生的激波/边界层干扰的非定常特性的试验研究结果.压缩角模型的流向压缩角分别为15°、20°、24°,后掠角分别为0°、20°、40°、60°.实验结果表明(a)所有无后掠压缩角和大多数20°后掠压缩角产生柱形干扰,而大后掠压缩角则产生锥形干扰;降低来流M数或增大模型后掠角有利于从柱形干扰转变为锥形干扰.(b)间隙区内的压力脉动出现低频峰值,此峰值随着模型后掠角增大或流向压缩角减小而减小;然而随着来流M数增大,此峰值在柱形干扰区减小,而在锥形干扰区略增大.对于锥形干扰,无粘激波的平均激波强度是控制其干扰特性的主要因素.     

弯曲后掠压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰特性研究

为研究内转式进气道前体压缩激波与机体边界层之间的弯曲后掠压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰现象,对矩形捕获型线、直母线圆锥基准流场生成的内转式进气道压缩型面进行简化,并利用数值仿真方法对简化模型进行计算,分析并对比了非耦合和耦合情况下弯曲后掠压缩拐角激波/湍流边界层干扰特性.结果表明:非耦合模型所形成的分离区呈弯刀形,分离区...