螺栓连接松动的导波监测技术综述

螺栓连接件使结构易于安装或拆卸,同时还可以承受较大的载荷,广泛应用于航空航天结构中。然而,螺栓在复杂服役环境中很容易发生松动,因此准确监测螺栓预紧力对于确保结构的可靠性和安全性具有重要意义。经过多年的发展,基于超声导波的结构健康监测方法逐渐成为螺栓连接松动监测的重要技术手段之一。对典型的螺栓预紧力导波监测方法进行了综述,包括导波能量耗散法、时间反转法、接触声学非线性法和混沌超声法等方法,介绍了这些方法的基本原理和发展现状。同时,通过实验将目前应用较多的导波能量耗散法、时间反转法进行了对比,结果表明时间反转法的监测灵敏度更高。     

双片消隙齿轮动力学建模与参数影响分析

由于导弹的复杂工作环境,雷达导引头伺服系统对其动力学特性及传动精度有较高要求。为提高其传动精度,一般采用双片齿轮消隙的方式消除回程误差。采用集中质量法建立考虑时变啮合刚度及齿面摩擦的消隙齿轮动力学模型,将消隙齿轮视为两对通过扭簧相互耦合的啮合副,并将齿侧间隙引入作为接触判定条件。通过动力学仿真研究了扭簧预紧力矩和扭簧刚度对消隙齿轮系统动态传动误差及谐振频率的影响。研究表明:扭簧刚度对系统动态传动误差及谐振频率影响较小,而扭簧预紧力矩的增大有利于提高谐振频率和抑制一阶谐振幅值,降低负载波动对系统的影响。由于扭簧作用产生额外的载荷,扭簧预紧力矩的增加会增大系统动态传动误差。     

预紧力对层合板螺栓连接强度的影响研究

预紧力的大小对连接件的连接强度具有较大的影响。在ABAQUS软件环境下建立层合板螺栓连接结构的三维有限元模型,引入改进的Hashin三维失效判据,并提出了一种新的结构刚度分区退化模型,分别计算了预紧力存在的条件下凸头螺栓和沉头螺栓连接情况下单搭接层合板的失效情况。计算结果与试验结果的对比表明：采用这种刚度退化模型的计算结果较为精确;预紧力对凸头螺栓连接和沉头螺栓连接的失效情况影响不同,合适的预紧力可以提高层合板的极限强度,过大的预紧力不利于结构的承载。     

Structural optimization of uniaxial symmetry non-circular bolt clearance hole on turbine disk

This study proposes a parameterized model of a uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole, to improve conventional circular bolt clearance holes on turbine disks. The profile of the model consists of eight smoothly connected arcs, the radiuses of which are determined by 5 design variables.By changing the design variables, the profile of the non-circular hole can be transformed to accommodate different load ratios, thereby improving the stress concentration of the area near the hole and that of the turbine disk. The uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole is optimized based on finite element method（FEM）, in which the maximum first principal stress is taken as the objective function. After optimization, the stress concentration is evidently relieved; the maximum first principal stress and the maximum von Mises stress on the critical area are reduced by 30.39% and 25.34%respectively, showing that the uniaxial symmetry non-circular hole is capable of reducing the stress level of bolt clearance holes on the turbine disk.     

42CrMo钢螺栓失效分析

某导弹发射架在进行第3次动载荷试验过程时,其上的一件42Cr Mo外六角高强度螺栓出现了断裂;通过对断口进行宏微观检查、电镜观察、金相组织检查、硬度检查及化学成分分析,确定了零件的断裂性质和断裂原因。结果表明:螺栓的断裂性质为原始裂纹引起的应力腐蚀断裂。由于螺栓在镀锌前存在原始微裂纹,造成了应力集中,并在随后的镀锌过程中出现了腐蚀现象;在试验过程中,由于弯曲应力和大气环境中氧、硫、氯、钠等腐蚀介质的共同作用,导致了螺栓的断裂。另外零件硬度值偏高,存在轻微的回火脆性,对断裂也有一定的影响。     

冲击载荷下单螺栓连接结构力学行为试验与仿真研究

基于霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)装置,对发动机结构设计中广泛使用的螺栓连接结构开展了冲击试验,研究了冲击载荷作用下单螺栓结构的承载能力、损伤模式和失效机理,掌握了冲击速度、预紧力、装配间隙的影响规律.在瞬态显式动力学软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA中,对单螺栓连接结构...     

随机振动载荷下连接螺栓振动疲劳强度分析

通过有限元分析计算出连接螺栓上的载荷,理论计算得出连接螺栓上的1 振动应力,基于高斯分布和线性累计损伤定律的三区间法,结合材料的S-N曲线,对连接螺栓进行随机振动载荷下的振动疲劳强度进行评估。     

受拉螺栓表面裂纹应力强度因子的估算

本文在实验的基础上,对螺栓螺纹根部处的表面裂纹在拉一拉载荷作用下应力强度因子K进行了初步研究,通过对已有圆柱体的表面裂纹应力强度因子公式的分析、比较,采用类比的方法,推出了受拉螺栓表面裂纹应力强度因子K的表达式,并借助于实验加以验证。     

A policy iteration method for improving robot assembly trajectory efficiency

Bolt assembly by robots is a vital and difficult task for replacing astronauts in extra-vehicular activities (EVA), but the trajectory efficiency still needs to be improved during the wrench insertion into hex hole of bolt. In this paper, a policy iteration method based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, by which the problem of trajectory efficiency improvement is constructed as an issue of RL-based objective optimization. Firstly, the projection relation between raw data and state-action space is established, and then a policy iteration initialization method is designed based on the projection to provide the initialization policy for iteration. Policy iteration based on the protective policy is applied to continuously evaluating and optimizing the action-value function of all state-action pairs till the convergence is obtained. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, a noncontact demonstration experiment with human supervision is performed. Experimental results show that the initialization policy and the generated policy can be obtained by the policy iteration method in a limited number of demonstrations. A comparison between the experiments with two different assembly tolerances shows that the convergent generated policy possesses higher trajectory efficiency than the conservative one. In addition, this method can ensure safety during the training process and improve utilization efficiency of demonstration data.