Multi-probe linear fitting and time of arrival linear correction method to analyze blade vibration based on blade tip timing without once-per-revolution

Blade vibration monitoring can ensure the safe operation of aero-engine rotor blades. Among the methods of blade vibration monitoring, Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of non-contact measurement. However, it is difficult to install the Once-Per-Revolution (OPR) probe in the confined space of aero-engine, and the failure and instability of the OPR signal will reduce the reliability of the blade vibration analysis results, which directly affects the accuracy of the blade vibration parameters identification. The Multi-Probe linear fitting and Time of Arrival (ToA) Linear Correction method based on the BTT (MP-LC-BTT) without OPR is proposed to reduce the errors of single probe linear fitting method for blade vibration displacement analysis. The proposed method can also correct the calculation error of blade vibration displacement due to the nonlinear change of rotation speed, which can improve the analysis accuracy of the blade vibration displacement. A new blade vibration model conforming to the actual vibration characteristics is established, and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulation. Finally, the reliability and accuracy of the MP-LC-BTT method have been verified by the experiments which include two high-speed blade test-benches and an industrial axial fan. This method can be used in the actual aero-engine monitoring instead of the BTT method with OPR.     

基于双循环的涡轮叶冠多学科设计优化

针对经典的多学科设计可行方法(MDF)的低效率问题,开展了利用可变复杂度建模方法改进MDF策略的研究.以涡轮叶冠为对象,综合考虑优化精度和优化效率,利用响应面方法近似高精度分析,简化计算难度,提高优化效率;合理引入可变复杂度建模方法,通过双循环结构优化策略周期性地调用高精度分析更新响应面方程来保证优化精度.基于双循环的涡轮叶冠多学科优化设计(MDO)表明,优化设计目标降低了1.4%,明显好于经典MDF策略(0.97%),整个优化策略共耗时2h39min,仅是经典MDF的优化时间的1/3.     

大弯角串列叶型优化设计与数值分析

以50°弯角多圆弧单列叶栅和串列叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段对所设计的两类叶栅进行数值分析,获取了其不同来流马赫数条件下的性能和流动细节。应用NSGAⅡ遗传算法结合BP神经网络技术,对串列叶栅的五个关键几何参数进行优化设计,验证了优化方法的可行性。研究结果表明:在全攻角范围内,串列叶栅的静压比都高于单列叶栅,负攻角范围内,串列叶栅损失低于单列叶栅;经过优化,串列叶栅在大负攻角下的性能略有降低,同时改善了正攻角性能,在4°攻角、0.8马赫数时静压比提升4.3%,总压损失系数降低42%;优化后串列叶栅在全工况范围内性能都要优于单列叶栅,并且串列叶栅最大压比点和最小损失点攻角均向右漂移2°。     

Sensitivity of a physically realizable heliogyro root pitch control system to inherent damping models

The heliogyro solar sail employs high aspect ratio blades that are rigidized by spinning about the central spacecraft, eliminating the need for structural booms typically used to tension traditional square sails. The easily scalable heliogyro gains its maneuverability by actuating the blades at their root with sinusoidal pitch profiles. The blade vibration caused by maneuvering must be attenuated using active control since there is little inherent damping in the blade material. Due to the small root pitch control torques required, on the order of 2 µNm, compared to the large friction torques associated with a root pitch actuator, it has only recently been shown that a single blade heliogyro impedance controller can add damping to the lowest frequency torsional modes of the blade in the presence of modeled actuator friction torques. However, the need to measure blade twist away from the actuator at the root creates a non-collocated control system. Some inherent damping at the blade’s higher frequency modes is therefore needed to stably add damping to the larger-magnitude low-frequency modes, hence control design is sensitive to the accuracy of the blade damping model. Recently, damping characterization tests performed on a small-scale heliogyro blade in a high-vacuum chamber invalidated the assumption of a linear viscous torsional blade damping model that was previously used in blade control designs. This paper describes the formulation of three modal damping models based on the new experimental data and their integration into the single blade heliogyro model. A comparison of the robustness and performance envelopes for the baseline proximal blade twist feedback controller using these damping models shows the ability to meet the required settling time of less than 720 s necessary for a heliogyro technology demonstration mission. This comparison of physically realizable root pitch control systems for a heliogyro blade is critical to increasing the sailcraft to Technology Readiness Level three.     

An experimental method for squealer tip flow field considering relative casing motion

Squealer tip is widely used in turbines to reduce tip leakage loss. In typical turbine environment, the squealer tip leakage flow is affected by multiple factors such as the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The development of experimental methods which can accurately model the real turbine environment and influencing factors is of great significance to study the squealer tip leakage flow mechanism. In the present paper, a low-speed turbine cascade test facility which can model the relative casing motion and wide range of variable incidence angles (−25° to 55°) is built. Based on the similarity criteria, a high-low speed similarity transformation method of the turbine cascade is established by considering the thickness of the turbine blade. A combined testing method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and local pressure measurement is proposed to obtain the complex flow structures within the tip cavity. The results show that the experimental method can successfully model the relative casing motion and the wide range of variable incidence angles. The low-speed cascade obtained by the similarity transformation can model the high-speed flow accurately. The measurement technique developed can obtain the complex flow field and successfully capture the scraping vortex within the squealer tip.     

Investigations of tip-jet and exhaust jet development in a ducted fan

The major aim of this work is to investigate the tip-jet and exhaust jet development in a ducted fan as well as the impact on the fan’s performance. The flow field of the ducted fans under the solidity varied from 0.2 to 0.7 are simulated by using the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model with a refined high-quality structured grid. The exhaust jet trajectory, expanding range and the flow intersection of the jet and mainstream in the blade passage are analyzed. As the results suggest, the flow direction of the exhaust jet is deflected by the downwash and Coanda effect. The major decay region of the exhaust jet can extend at least 2 times the blade chord downstream from the blade trailing edge. The blade circulation is impacted by the tip-jet rather than the exhaust jet from the upstream when the blade tip pitch angle is 8°, and the fan solidity is less than 0.7. The blade tip thrust is reduced by the interruption from the exhaust jet when the blade tip pitch angle is 2°, and the fan solidity is larger than 0.3.     

考虑耦合损伤的燃气轮机叶片材料高低周复合疲劳寿命研究

燃气轮机叶片在实际工作过程中,受到高低周载荷共同作用而易发生疲劳失效.针对高低周复合疲劳损伤演化和寿命预测比较复杂这一问题,考虑高低周载荷叠加形成的耦合损伤,建立了一种新的高低周复合疲劳寿命预测模型,在此基础之上,引入弱化函数描述某些低幅高周载荷对复合损伤的弱化作用,建立了具有低载强化寿命效应的高低周复合疲劳寿命预测模...     

凸肩径向位置对风扇叶片振动特性的影响

针对带凸肩风扇叶片的动力学设计需求,研究凸肩径向位置对风扇叶片振动特性的影响规律.基于梁理论建立带凸肩风扇叶片的力学模型,采用瑞利法推导了1阶固有频率解析解,并获得了1阶固有频率随凸肩径向位置的变化规律.基于非线性接触有限元法,研究了凸肩径向位置对接触状态和振动特性的影响.研究结果表明:凸肩径向相对位置为0.75时,可使叶片具有最大的刚度值和1阶固有频率值.而综合考虑多阶模态频率时,凸肩径向相对位置为0.55至0.68时,叶片振动特性最优.凸肩接触正压力随凸肩径向位置增加而下降,切向接触刚度随凸肩径向位置的增加先增加后减小.      

风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性试验研究

为研究风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性,基于叶尖定时技术,建立一种发动机运行状态动态测量叶片叶尖弹性变形角的试验方法,在压气机试车台对小涵道比双级风扇试验件一级转子叶片不同工况下叶尖扭转特性开展了试验研究。试验结果表明：叶尖弹性变形角表现为随着转速升高而变大及随着特性线向失稳区移动而变大的特点,在100%换算转速近喘点达到本次试验风扇稳定工作状态的最大值1.25°。可变进口导叶（VIGV）角度仅在喘振边界附近对叶尖弹性变形角影响较大。在90% 转速、VIGV角度为-5°喘点处,叶尖弹性变形角出现大幅振荡,经估算,1号叶片喘振前扭转振幅为0.18°,喘点处扭转振幅为1.05°,退喘后扭转振幅为0.11°,通过监测弹性变形角测量叶片振动具有可行性。     

某型航空发动机锯齿冠涡轮叶片叶冠间隙扩展规律研究

以某型航空发动机锯齿冠涡轮叶片实际外场叶冠间隙监控数据为统计样本,开展了叶片叶冠间隙扩展规律的统计分析与研究,包括叶冠间隙扩展典型规律和扩展速率的统计分析,松动叶片数量与叶冠间隙的对应关系以及叶冠出现间隙的发动机使用情况的统计分析。结果表明:叶冠间隙存在稳态扩展和异常扩展阶段,且松动叶片数量与叶冠总间隙之间存在一定的比例关系,可为叶冠间隙外场监控提供参考和依据。