10MW风电机组空气动力设计初探

从风电机组系统角度探索了我国未来设计10MW风电机组在空气动力设计方面的一些问题及对策。从分析风能分布与风速分布关系以及风电机组风能利用系数随风速变化关系出发,研究了风轮基本参数确定方法,并以动量叶素理论为基础,建立了优化设计模型对10MW叶片外形优化设计进行了初步探索,并对风轮性能进行了评估,完成了10MW机组叶片及风轮外形建模。提出了通过适当提高叶尖线速度及拓宽风轮转速范围,可以达到优化机组塔头质量,节约成本,提高年发电量等多重有利目标的观点。     

提高空间环模设备中铝热沉高真空气密性的工艺措施

我国大型空间环境模拟器的铝热沉,工作于-196～+100℃的温度,内压最高1.6MPa。其中主容器热沉是一个直径10.5m、高20m 的鼠笼形立式铝列管热交换器。整个热沉由2500多根铝管焊接而成,焊缝数量超过5000道。热沉有很严格的真空气密性要求,整个热沉的总漏率要求不大于1×10~(-6)Pa·m~3/s。文章分别从管件检测、纯铝焊接、高真空检漏等方面论述了确保热沉高真空气密性的措施。     

涡轮叶冠换热特性实验与数值模拟

利用数值模拟及实验方法对涡轮叶冠间隙流场换热特性进行了研究,分析静止状态下叶尖泄漏流雷诺数、前后孔岀流比、叶尖间隙等参数对叶冠的表面传热系数的影响.结果表明:叶冠转速的变化对表面传热系数影响较小;随着泄漏流雷诺数的增加,叶冠的平均表面传热系数增大;平均表面传热系数随前、后孔岀流比增大而增大,其中前孔出流比的影响较为明显;叶尖间隙减小,平均表面传热系数增大,并且随叶尖间隙的减小,增长越来越快.将计算与实验结果进行了比较,吻合良好,误差小于10%.      

Multi-coset angular sampling-based compressed sensing of blade tip-timing vibration signals under variable speeds

Blade Tip-Timing (BTT) has been regarded as a promising way of on-line blade vibration monitoring. But blind multi-band BTT vibration reconstruction is a big challenge under variable speeds and under-sampling. In order to deal with it, a novel Compressed Sensing (CS) method is proposed based on Multi-Coset Angular Sampling (MCAS) in this paper. First, multi-coset sampling scheme of BTT vibration signals is presented. Then the CS model of BTT vibration signals is derived in order domain. A sufficient condition of the number of BTT sensors is derived for perfect reconstruction and optimal placement of BTT sensors is determined by minimizing the condition number. In the end, numerical simulations are done to validate the proposed method and the performances of four reconstruction algorithms are compared, i.e., Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC), Basis Pursuit Denoising (BPDN) and Modified Focal Underdetermined System Solver (MFOCUSS). Influences of the sensor placement, the number of BTT sensors and measurement noises on the reconstruction performances are also testified. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and the overall performance of the BPDN algorithm is the best among the four algorithms. Also the reconstruction performance decreases with the accelerations of rotating speed.     

叶冠涂层材料接触刚度和微动磨损实验

采用能够测量由接触表面微动所导致迟滞现象的实验装置,对带有涂层材料的不同接触方式的实验件进行了接触刚度和微动磨损测试.通过接触刚度测试,研究了激振力幅值、激振频率和接触正压力对接触刚度的影响;通过微动磨损分析,研究接触方式和载荷条件接触表面形态的改变,以及工作时间对接触刚度的影响.通过分析和总结实验结果,阐述了干摩擦阻尼结构微动磨损的防护措施,为提高航空发动机结构部件的可靠性提供一定的理论依据和技术支持.     

涡轮叶片锯齿冠结构设计的实践与思考

涡轮叶片锯齿冠的设计对于保证发动机的可靠性、寿命和安全至关重要。简要介绍了锯齿冠结构设计的指导思想、技术要求、依据和程序;重点分析了中国自行研制的某型高性能加力式双转子涡轮喷气发动机低压涡轮锯齿冠结构设计的特点,并进行了试车考核,收到了良好效果。     

Effect of Coriolis and centrifugal forces on flow and heat transfer at high rotation number and high density ratio in non orthogonally internal cooling channel

Numerical predictions of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer are performed for a two-pass square channel with 45° staggered ribs in non-orthogonally mode-rotation using the second moment closure model. At Reynolds number of 25,000, the rotation numbers studied were 0,0.24, 0.35 and 1.00. The density ratios were 0.13, 0.23 and 0.50. The results show that at high buoyancy parameter and high rotation number with a low density ratio, the flow in the first passage is governed by the secondary flow induced by the rotation whereas the secondary flow induced by the skewed ribs was almost distorted. As a result the heat transfer rate is enhanced on both co-trailing and co-leading sides compared to low and medium rotation number. In contrast, for the second passage, the rotation slightly reduces the heat transfer rate on co-leading side at high rotation number with a low density ratio and degrades it significantly on both co-trailing and co-leading sides at high buoyancy parameter compared to the stationary, low and medium rotation numbers. The numerical results are in fair agreement with available experimental data in the bend region and the second passage, while in the first passage were overestimated at low and medium rotation numbers.     

汽轮机叶片叶型测量综述

详细介绍了目前国内外汽轮机叶片和飞机叶片的主要测量方法的测量原理及每１种测量方法能达到的测量精度。最后，作者对叶片未来测量仪器的设计提出了一些自已的观点和建议，对叶片测量仪器的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

涡轮叶片锯齿冠激光熔敷的应用研究

在航空发动机研制中，正确地选择和使用涂层对保证和提高机件的可靠性、耐久性和寿命极为重要。介绍了某机涡轮叶冠工作面的磨蚀故障，阐述了激光熔敷的机理和特点，按使用技术条件做了熔敷工艺试验、结合力试验、耐磨性试验、氧化和腐蚀试验，并进行硬度测定和金相分析，通过熔敷涂的试车考核证明其效果良好。     

采用弯叶片的不同折转角压气机叶栅流场气动性能

实验研究了叶片弯曲对不同叶型折转角环形扩压叶栅气动性能的影响,分析了叶栅出口总压损失和二次流速度矢量分布,并给出了壁面静压分布及壁面墨迹流动显示结果。研究结果表明,叶型折转角越大损失分布的对称性越差,根部损失增加明显;弯曲角度和叶型折转角的增大将使得正弯叶栅吸力面反“C”型静压分布加剧,60°叶型折转角叶栅中径处负荷随叶片弯曲角度变化的敏感性强,大弯角时气流易分离,导致总损失激增;综合来说,对比直叶栅,正弯15°叶栅在各种叶型折转角正弯叶栅中减小损失效果最好。