A novel none once per revolution blade tip timing based blade vibration parameters identification method

The vibration caused blade High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) is seriously affects the safety operation of turbomachinery especially for aero-engine. Thus, it is crucial important to identify the blade vibration parameters and then evaluate the dynamic stress amplitude. Blade Tip Timing (BTT) method is one of the promising method to solve these problems. While, it need a high resolution Once Per Revolution (OPR) signal which is difficult to get for the aero-engine. Here, a Coupled Vibration Analysis (CVA) method for identifying blade vibration parameters by a none OPR BTT is proposed. The method assumes that every real blade has its own vibration performance at a given speed. Whereby, it can take any blade as the reference blade, and the other blades using the reference blade as the OPR for vibration displacement calculating and further parameter identifying. The proposed method is validated by numerical model. Also, experimental studies are carried out on a straight blade and a twisted three dimensional blade test rig as well as a large industrial axial compressor respectively. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the blade synchronous vibration parameters and quantitatively evaluate the mistuning in bladed disks, which lays a foundation for the reliability improvement of aero-engine.     

Effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio on hovering performance of cycloidal rotor with large blade pitching amplitude

In recent years, a lot of research work has been carried out on the cycloidal rotors. However, it lacks thorough understanding about the effects of the blade platform shape on the hover efficiency of the cycloidal rotor, and the knowledge of how to design the platform shape of the blades. This paper presents a numerical simulation model based on Unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations(URANSs), which is further validated by the experimental results. The effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio are analyzed, which shows that the cycloidal rotors with the same chord length have quite similar performance even though the blade aspect ratio varies from a very small value to a large one. By comparing the cycloidal rotors with different taper ratios, it is found that the rotors with large blade taper ratio outperform those with small taper ratio. This is due to the fact that the blade with larger taper ratio has longer chord and hence better efficiency. The analysis results show that the unsteady aerodynamic effects due to blade pitching motion play a more important role in the efficiency than the blade platform shape. Therefore we should pay more attention to the blade airfoil and pitching motion than the blade platform shape.The main contributions of this paper include: the analysis of the effects of aspect ratio and taper ratio on the hover efficiency of cycloidal rotor based on both the experimental and numerical simulation results; the finding of the main influencing factors on the hover efficiency; the qualitative guidance on how to design the blade platform shape for cycloidal rotors.     

存在剥离条件下颗粒物沉积过程的数值研究和实验验证

为了更加准确地模拟涡轮叶片表面颗粒物沉积的增长过程和分布状况,研究颗粒物沉积过程中粘附、剥离直至稳定平衡的规律,在经改进的颗粒粘附模型基础上考虑两种剥离形式,利用Fluent的User Defined Function (UDF)功能和网格重构技术,最终实现了熔融石蜡颗粒于带有气膜冷却的平板上沉积动态增长的过程。通过与相同条件下所得实验结果的对比,验证了所用模型的有效性和合理性。随后研究了是否加入剥离模型、气膜冷却吹风比、气膜孔射流角度等因素对沉积效果的影响。计算结果表明,考虑颗粒的剥离效应将减少颗粒物沉积的总量,尤其是在气膜孔后较短区域内;此外,吹风比的增加将使颗粒不易撞击壁面,已粘附的颗粒也更容易剥离从而降低沉积的厚度和质量;射流角度不断增大则使气膜覆盖效果变差,壁面温度升高,颗粒更易达到熔融状态沉积下来。研究发现该数值方法有助于更加精确地仿真沉积增长的过程,证实了吹风比和射流角度对沉积的分布和厚度有很大影响。当射流角度处于35°～40°时,可在一定程度上减少沉积。     

火箭发动机涡轮典型结构形式对叶片低周疲劳寿命的影响研究

以某火箭发动机涡轮为对象,研究了涡轮叶片带冠、不带冠、带部分冠及叶片空心等典型结构形式对叶片低周疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:叶片不带冠可以消除叶片顶部的疲劳损伤,但使叶背根部损伤增大,危险点位于叶背根部,叶片寿命与带冠叶片相当;带部分冠叶片在消除叶顶疲劳损伤的同时,还可以减缓叶背根部的低周疲劳,危险点位于前缘根部,寿命比原叶片高约116%;叶片空心结构可以有效降低叶片的应力应变水平,减缓叶片疲劳的效果最好,空心叶片危险点位于前缘根部,寿命比原叶片高约370%。     

Characteristics and mechanisms of turboshaft engine axial compressor casing containment

To investigate the containment characteristics and mechanisms of axial compressor blade and casing in turboshaft engine, experimental and simulation research is conducted on Titanium alloy axial compressor blades and stainless steel simulator casings in this paper. Experiments for four thicknesses (from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm) of casings are presented on high-speed spin tester. Perforation, ricochet with and without failure of the casings are obtained in test results. Three obvious bulges or dishing region are observed, petaling failure occurs in the first bulge or the third deformation region. Parabolic and elongated dimples are observed at the fracture surface. Finite Element (FE) models with calibrated Johnson-Cook material behavior law are built and analyzed by using explicit dynamic software for a better understanding on the containment behavior. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental observations and numerical predictions. The evolution of the impact force, energy absorption, temperature increase and the cracks’ propagation are analyzed. Three force peaks occur in the impact process. Energy analysis reveals that penetration condition of ricochet with failure leads to most internal energy of the casing.     

对俄出口GVU-600空间环境模拟器研制

GVU-600空间环境模拟器是我国首次为俄罗斯研制的一台航天专用设备,它可以模拟真空、冷黑和太阳辐射3项空间基本参数,主要用于进行卫星热平衡、热真空试验。该设备为卧式圆柱结构,容器内径8 m,总长13.5 m,容积600 m3,极限真空1.4×10-5 Pa,热沉温度-190 ℃。文章主要对该设备的技术指标、系统组成及功能进行了介绍,并给出了研制结果。     

低温泵重力式自循环供液系统理论设计方法及计算软件开发

文章分析了空间环境模拟器的低温泵重力式自循环供液系统的工作原理,明确了系统管道中流体的流动状态。对液氮重力式自循环系统设计方法进行研究,给出其理论计算公式和系统设计流程。同时,基于C++软件平台,根据系统理论设计方法开发出一套系统设计计算软件,为低温泵重力式自循环供液系统的设计提供了理论基础和参考依据。     

带凸肩叶片非旋转状态减振特性试验

设计了一套能够准确施加凸肩接触面正压力的非旋转状态带凸肩叶片减振特性试验系统,并对该系统的设计要求、正压力的加载方案以及试验误差进行了说明.利用该试验系统对不同激振力、不同初始正压力、不同凸肩接触角度和不同凸肩位置下叶片的一阶弯曲振动特性进行了测试,分析了凸肩接触面正压力、凸肩接触角度及凸肩位置等重要参数对凸肩结构减振效果的影响规律.试验结果显示,对一定的激振力存在一个最优的接触面初始正压力使得凸肩减振效果最好;凸肩接触角度和位置使凸肩接触面相对运动越大,凸肩的减振效果越好.      

热载与进口气流条件对柱肋通道换热的影响

目前关于燃气涡轮叶片冷却的实验研究多数是在常温常压进口气流和低壁温条件下进行的,而实际燃气涡轮叶片的冷却气流为来自于压气机的高温高压空气,且涡轮叶片壁面热载（定义为加热壁面壁温与冷却气流进口温度之比）很高。为了掌握热载与进口气流条件对于涡轮叶片尾缘内部冷却通道的冷却效果的影响,本文在考虑空气物性随温度变化的情况下,采用数值模拟方法进行了相关的计算和分析。计算选取了两种进口气流条件（常温常压、高温高压）,热载为1.1-1.9,进口气流雷诺数为5×103-1×105。计算结果表明,进口气流雷诺数一定的情况下,随着热载的增大,通道内换热能力降低,流动阻力系数增大;与常温常压进口气流条件相比,高温高压进口气流条件导致通道努塞尔数降低,并且努塞尔数在高热载条件的降低更为显著;在进口气流雷诺数为60000的条件下,高温高压进口气流、热载为1.9的条件下通道的努塞尔数比与常温常压进口气流条件、热载为1.1条件下通道的努塞尔数降低了15.8%,且随着进口气流雷诺数的提高,通道换热的削弱程度进一步增大。本文的研究表明,涡轮叶片的冷却设计必须考虑叶片冷却的实际条件,并对实验数据结果进行合理修正。     

叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅叶片表面流动的影响

为了研究叶片正弯曲对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响,对具有可控扩散叶型(CDA)的直叶片和正弯曲25°叶片平面叶栅进行了实验研究和数值模拟,获得了两种叶栅叶片表面流场显示结果以及不同冲角下叶片表面静压系数的分布。结果表明,叶片正弯曲对其吸力面流动影响较大,吸力面近出口处两端的径向二次流区相比于直叶栅而言明显增加。正弯曲叶片吸力面形成"C"型压力分布,叶片负荷沿叶高和弦长重新分布,这种负荷的重组是弯曲改变叶栅流场的主要因素。