基于比例导引的空间交会寻的段飞行任务设计

比例导引涉及的参数测量和控制手段简便,常被用作空间拦截的制导算法。基于该制导算法,在相对运动参数测量条件较弱的情况下,对空间交会对接寻的段飞行任务进行了设计。采用C-W制导算法,对寻的段飞行任务的标称轨道进行了设计。推导了基于固定推力发动机的比例导引轨道控制模型,并利用该模型对寻的段轨道进行了控制。通过仿真计算验证了所给出的比例导引模型的有效性。     

逆轨道拦截卫星轨道设计与优化

研究了一种逆轨道卫星拦截的方法。根据对逆轨道拦截卫星的要求,建立了停泊轨道的数学模型,并以轨道转移能量和快速拦截为优化目标,运用遗传算法对逆轨道拦截卫星的停泊轨道参数进行了优化设计。计算结果表明了遗传算法解决这一多约束多目标优化问题的有效性。     

Autonomous navigation to quasi-periodic orbits near translunar Ubration points

Libration-point missions have been very useful and successful. Due to the unstable natures of most of these orbits, the long-time stationkeeping demands frequent maneuvers and precise orbit determinations. Earth-based tracking will have to undertake much more responsibilities with the increasing number of libration missions. An autonomous navigation system could offer a better way to decrease the need for Earth-based tracking. Nevertheless, when an autonomous navigation system is applied, there are three important factors affecting autonomous navigation accuracy, i.e., the accuracy of initial conditions, the accuracy of measurements, and the accuracy of onboard dynamics for propagation. This paper focuses on analyzing the influence from the third factor and finding an appropriate navigation dynamics, which can satisfy the requirement of estimation accuracy but not cause too much burden for onboard computation. When considering the restricted three-body model and the bicircular restricted four-body model as navigation dynamics, the astrin- gency is not shown during the simulations. Meanwhile, when considering the influences of the Sun＇s direct and indirect perturbations and the eccentricity of the Moon＇s orbit, a new navigation dynamic model with the standard ephemerides is proposed. The simulation shows the feasibility of the proposed model.     

基于固定模糊度PPP的低轨卫星实时精密定轨

传统动力学定轨法受制于动力学模型精度,传统几何定轨法精度受限,只能达到亚米级,而基于精密单点定位（PPP）模式的几何定轨法一般采用浮点解,定轨精度及可靠性较基于双差模式的相对定位较差。为提高PPP模式低轨定轨的定位性能,利用中国区域内外的IGS测站计算出当前所有卫星的宽巷和窄巷相位小数偏差产品,对经过中国大陆区域上空的国产低轨卫星海洋二号（HY-2）和资源三号 (ZY-3) 卫星进行固定模糊度PPP的定轨解算,与事后精密轨道结果进行比较,分析其外符合精度。结果表明：仅利用约10min弧段的HY-2和ZY-3卫星数据,切向与径向的定轨精度可达2cm左右,法向为5cm左右,较浮点解定轨精度大幅提升。基于固定模糊度PPP的定轨方法能够满足厘米级的实时精密定轨。     

严格回归轨道的管道导航方法研究

分析了作为参考轨道的严格回归轨道与卫星在轨运行状态的相对运动关系,提出近地遥感卫星的管道导航方法。由于参考轨道的设计只考虑高精度的地球非球形摄动,与在轨卫星的动力学环境存在差别,这导致两者之间存在切航向漂移。基于高精度的轨道动力学模型和位置确定方法,设计了卫星与参考轨道采样点的沿航向对齐算法,从而获取了卫星相对参考轨道采样点的相位时间偏差和卫星在参考轨道编队坐标系切航向平面内的相对运动轨迹,进而引入椭圆的“最小二乘适配法”获取相对运动轨迹的特征量。所研究的管道导航方法可应用于基于GNSS测量数据的卫星自主轨迹保持。     

太阳空间探测进展与展望

摘要：为了探索太阳空间探测活动的发展方向,在广泛调研太阳空间探测任务的基础上,综合考虑任务实施年代、轨道设计、探测要素、技术特点和成果影响力,选取了10个典型空间太阳探测器,对其科学目标、有效载荷、卫星平台特性和科学发现进行了分析,提炼总结了太阳空间探测的进展和发展趋势。总体而言,太阳探测器运行轨道逐步多样化,有效载荷探测要素更加丰富,探测精度、时空分辨率等显著提升,但仍存在大量问题待解决。在分析现阶段成果和待解决问题的基础上,提出了太阳空间探测的发展展望,指出了全方位、多要素探测是破解太阳物理和空间天气预报发展瓶颈的可行途径。     

原子氧环境对空心阴极影响的地面模拟试验研究

为确定原子氧对六硼化镧型空心阴极的影响,将LHC-5型空心阴极放置于原子氧试验设备中反复点火,期间使用钨铼5-26热电偶测量阴极管温度。试验完成后检查空心阴极,发现阴极管出现膨胀开裂现象,其断面的XPS成分分析结果表明阴极管的断裂失效是由氧化导致的。因此,针对LEO使用六硼化镧型空心阴极的离子推力器、霍尔推力器和等离子体接触器等航天器部件,应制定正确的工作关机策略以保证阴极不受原子氧环境影响。     

静止轨道卫星远程交会策略设计

针对静止轨道卫星在轨服务任务,提出一种4脉冲远程快速交会规划方法,可在5圈内完成远程交会。调相策略设计中,通过对基于近圆偏差方程的变轨规划策略进行改进,设计得到了3脉冲调相方案。首先,固定第1和第2调相脉冲执行位置,对3个调相脉冲的速度增量及第3调相脉冲的执行位置进行设计优化;再固定第1调相脉冲,对第2和第3调相脉冲的速度增量和执行位置进行再次优化。轨道面调整设计中,通过求解轨道面节线位置,采用单一法向脉冲进行轨道面修正。数学仿真校验了所提出方法的有效性。     

太阳帆航天器在绕地轨道中的热诱发振动

太阳帆航天器在绕地轨道中将会周期性地进出地球阴影,经历热环境的剧烈变化,在热辐射冲击作用下,太阳帆这种大柔性空间结构的热致响应值得研究。以方形有桅杆式太阳帆为研究对象,考虑热辐射等非线性因素,建立了太阳帆的热-结构耦合动力学模型,分析了太阳帆桅杆-薄膜结构热诱发振动的特点和影响因素。分析结果表明：太阳帆由地球阴影区进入光照区将会发生明显的热诱发振动;随着热流入射角的增大,太阳帆桅杆截面的摄动温度减小,热诱发振动减弱,频率不变;太阳帆桅杆刚度的增大有利于抑制结构热诱发振动的发生;帆膜预应力将会影响太阳帆的热诱发振动,随着桅杆轴力增大,热诱发振动的振幅增大,频率减小,当轴力增大至一定程度,太阳帆的热诱发振动将会发散。     

Impact of ITRS 2014 realizations on altimeter satellite precise orbit determination

This paper evaluates orbit accuracy and systematic error for altimeter satellite precise orbit determination on TOPEX, Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3 by comparing the use of four SLR/DORIS station complements from the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) 2014 realizations with those based on ITRF2008. The new Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (TRF2014) station complements include ITRS realizations from the Institut National de l’Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN) ITRF2014, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) JTRF2014, the Deutsche Geodätisches Forschungsinstitut (DGFI) DTRF2014, and the DORIS extension to ITRF2014 for Precise Orbit Determination, DPOD2014. The largest source of error stems from ITRF2008 station position extrapolation past the 2009 solution end time. The TRF2014 SLR/DORIS complement impact on the ITRF2008 orbit is only 1–2 mm RMS radial difference between 1992–2009, and increases after 2009, up to 5 mm RMS radial difference in 2016. Residual analysis shows that station position extrapolation error past the solution span becomes evident even after two years, and will contribute to about 3–4 mm radial orbit error after seven years. Crossover data show the DTRF2014 orbits are the most accurate for the TOPEX and Jason-2 test periods, and the JTRF2014 orbits for the Jason-1 period. However for the 2016 Jason-3 test period only the DPOD2014-based orbits show a strong and statistically significant margin of improvement. The positive results with DTRF2014 suggest the new approach to correct station positions or normal equations for non-tidal loading before combination is beneficial. We did not find any compelling POD advantage in using non-linear over linear station velocity models in our SLR & DORIS orbit tests on the Jason satellites. The JTRF2014 proof-of-concept ITRS realization demonstrates the need for improved SLR+DORIS orbit centering when compared to the Ries (2013) CM annual model. Orbit centering error is seen as an annual radial signal of 0.4 mm amplitude with the CM model. The unmodeled CM signals show roughly a 1.8 mm peak-to-peak annual variation in the orbit radial component. We find the TRF network stability pertinent to POD can be defined only by examination of the orbit-specific tracking network time series. Drift stability between the ITRF2008 and the other TRF2014-based orbits is very high, the relative mean radial drift error over water is no larger than 0.04 mm/year over 1993–2015. Analyses also show TRF induced orbit error meets current altimeter rate accuracy goals for global and regional sea level estimation.