基于逆多项式轨迹成形法的小推力轨道设计

轨迹成形法是一种基于反向设计思想的轨道设计方法,它假设待研究的轨道呈现某一形状,利用数学曲线进行逼近从而得到设计结果.逆多项式轨迹成形法为小推力地球转移轨道设计和数值求解最优轨迹过程中初值的选取提供了新的研究思路.首先结合轨道动力学方程和逆多项式曲线模型给出了轨迹成形法的设计过程,并在考虑时间约束的情况下对小推力转移轨道进行设计.仿真结果表明逆多项式轨迹成形法适宜于小推力转移轨道设计,并且其设计结果是一组近优解,可以作为求取精确最优轨迹的初值猜测.     

Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

“嫦娥4号”中继星应急轨道控制策略设计与分析

"嫦娥4号"中继星作为"嫦娥4号"任务的重要组成部分,不同于其它月球探测器,首次选择绕地月L2平动点运行的Halo轨道以保证为月球背面的着陆器和巡视器提供连续的中继通信服务,这面临诸多技术挑战。基于任务需求和工程约束,梳理了中继星全寿命与轨道控制相关的故障类型,制定了多级应急控制目标,给出了分阶段应急轨道控制方案,提出将Lissajous轨道作为应急备选使命轨道,分析了推进剂消耗、中继测控条件和可行性,研究成果直接应用于中继星任务工程实践。     

太阳同步冻结轨道星座保持与捕获

太阳同步冻结轨道卫星在经过同一星下点时光照特性和轨道高度相同,便于载荷观测及定标.由多颗太阳同步冻结轨道卫星组成的星座,需要实现星座成员轨道倾角、轨道高度、偏心率矢量和相对轨道幅角的同时保持.提出了基于切向单脉冲的最低燃耗轨道面内保持策略,证明了该策略的稳定性和燃料最优性,给出了太阳同步轨道地方时保持简单算法.仿真证明...     

地月拉格朗日L2点中继星轨道分析与设计

地月L2点位于地月连线的延长线上,在地月L2点运行的卫星可以连续观测月球背面,解决月球背面与地球之间的通讯问题,在月球背面着陆探测任务中起着至关重要的作用。对从地球出发、利用月球引力辅助变轨、形成地月L2点的轨道进行了研究,分析了发射窗口、地月转移时间、近月点高度、近月点倾角、轨道振幅等多项因素对转移轨道和使命轨道特性的影响,寻求满足地月L2点中继任务需求的飞行轨道。通过分析研究,文章明确了转移和使命轨道的相关特性,可为中继星任务轨道的参数设计和优化提供有益参考。     

天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接技术和在轨验证

介绍天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接技术和在轨飞行结果.介绍21世纪以来交会对接发展的两个趋势：自主和快速;给出天舟二号货运飞船全相位自主快速交会对接方案,以及主要技术特点;给出天舟二号货运飞船5~8 h飞控实施方案和推迟一天发射的飞控实施方案,以及在轨执行效果.天舟二号货运飞船入轨自主快速交会对接是世界上首次进行的全自主快速交会对接任务,为我国空间站工程后续任务奠定了坚实的技术基础.     

GEO螺旋巡游轨道的相对运动分析和螺旋环设计

摘要： GEO螺旋巡游轨道采用螺旋巡游方式,以不同的构型“上下浮动”在GEO轨道附近,可实现对该轨道上空间目标和空间环境的高精度探测.本文在分析GEO轨道航天器运动规律的基础上,应用小偏差理论分析螺旋巡游轨道与GEO目标之间的相对运动,给出平面螺旋环和三维螺旋环的设计方法,为GEO螺旋巡游轨道的设计奠定基础.     

低地轨道空间碎片环境建模与分析

根据“箱中粒子”(PIB-Particles In a Box)的模型和气体分子运动学理论,建立了估算低地轨道上空间碎片总数的微分方程,参考国外文献有关空间碎片统计数据和初始条件,求解方程,并分析了空间碎片环境的短期和长期变化趋势.     

“风云一号”气象卫星

本文叙述了中国第一颗气象卫星“风云一号”。这是一颗试验气象卫星,重750公斤,其主体为1.40米×1.40米×1.20米的六面体,连同太阳电池阵共展宽8.60米,高1.76米。运行在太阳同步轨道,高度900公里,倾角99°,每天绕地球运行14圈。地面接收到高质量的图象资料和轨道空间的辐射环境资料。     

基于GPS的静止轨道卫星自主定轨技术研究

分析了在静止轨道上GPS星的可见性情况,提出了判别GPS星是否可见的标准。然后,对自主定轨方法进行了研究,提出了将强跟踪滤波方法作为导航滤波方法,并进行数学仿真模拟。仿真结果表明,此项技术是可行的,文中的导航滤波方法是十分有效的。